臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

種植於低海拔地區之梨高溫期過長，易造成花芽敗育，且需克服休眠解除之問題，因此利用修剪及溫度試驗探討解決之道。試驗一是利用高接後新興梨(‘Shinko’ Pyrus pyrifolia)新生的枝條，於2015年秋季(8-10月)修剪，並分別施予4%(稀釋25倍)與2%(稀釋50倍)氰滿素(商品名：春雷，含49%氰胺)，使修剪後之腋芽能萌發，觀察萌發之新梢營養生長、花芽分化、休眠狀態等。處理後，以8月修剪後催芽有較佳萌芽率，達75.9±9.7%，處理時間越晚萌芽率越低。在8-10月處理後新梢可花芽分化，但是枝條快速停止生長，枝條最長者為8月處理，枝條長度平均8.9±1.3公分左右，長度不足以作為隔年梨穗之使用。由氣象紀錄資料可知2015年卓蘭地區秋季仍處在高溫期，推測可能為枝條快速停止生長之誘導因子。試驗二為探討溫度對梨休眠之影響。鳥梨(bird pear P. lindleyi)、橫山梨(‘Heng-Shan’ P. pyrifolia)與新興梨(‘Shinko’ P. pyrifolia)盆栽於2015年3月6日起分別置於為日夜溫30/25℃、25/20℃、20/15℃、15/13℃之環境中，光週為自然日長，觀察新生枝條長度、生長停止時間、花芽形成、休眠狀態。鳥梨於30/25℃、25/20℃環境中60-75天後停止營養生長；20/15℃處理者於處理120天後生長停止，15/13℃處理者至180天調查結束時枝條仍持續生長。橫山梨植株於30/25℃、25/20℃環境中，30-60天後停止營養生長，兩處理植株在生長停止後形成頂芽；20/15℃處理者於處理120天後生長停止並形成頂芽，15/13℃處理者至180天仍顯示持續生長，無頂芽出現。新興梨在所有溫度處理下，於45-60天後枝條生長皆停止。受試3種梨皆於30/25℃環境中具有花芽形成能力。處理180天後(9月)修剪，受試3種梨在各溫度中皆能重新抽梢，芽體似仍處在相對休眠與生理休眠之間。以卓蘭田間6-9月枝條單芽扦插，其萌芽率最高為7月60.4±5.40%，9月後萌芽率大幅下降，降至39.2±8.90%。且枝條內80%乙醇可溶性醣於9月亦有下降情形，而澱粉於9月後開始大量增加，推斷卓蘭低海拔地區於9月後已進入生理休眠。

The long high temperature period makes flower bud abortion. In this study, pruning and 49% cynamide applcaition were used to let new lateral shoot growth in autumn (August to October) and the shoot length, flower formation, and dormancy were investigated in ‘Shinko’ (Pyrus pyrifolia) in Zhou-Lan. The highest percentage of bud break occurred in August, and it decreased in October as the dormancy development. Flower buds could be found during August to October, but the new shoot length was only 10 cm, and the growth ceased after a short time. These kind of shoots are not good enough to be the pear scion next year. Temperature is the key point to bud dormancy. Three Asian pear, bird pear (P. lindleyi), ‘Heng-Shan’ (P. pyrifolia), and ‘Shinko’ (P. pyrifolia) were put into 15/13℃, 25/20℃, 25/20℃, and 30/25℃, respectively, for 180 days. The vegetative growth of bird pear in 30/25℃, 25/20℃ ceased after 60-75 days. The shoots growth in 20/15℃ stopped after 120 days. However, the vegetative growth last for 180 days in 15/13℃. The vegetative growth of ‘Heng-Shan’ in 30/25℃ and 25/20℃ ceased after 45-60 days. The shoots growth in 20/15℃ stopped after 120 days. However, the vegetative growth also last for 180 days in 15/13℃. The vegetative growth of ‘Shinko’ stopped after 45-60 days in all temperature treatments. The floral formation could be investigated in all 3 varieties in 30/25℃. Three shoots were cut per month after July (after 120-day investigation) in every variety in all treatment. The percentage of bud break were above 33% during July to September in three varieties. It suggests the dormancy stage may be between paradormancy and endodormancy stage in September. However, comparing the bud break ratio of the shoots from Zhou-Lan dereased from 60% to 38% during July to September. Analyzing the carbohydrates and nitrogen contents in the shoots from Zhou-Lan during July to November. The total soluble solid decreased and the starch increased to the highest level after September. It suggests the dormancy stage would be into endodormancy in September.

口試委員會審定書 ……………………………………………………………………. i
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………………… ii
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………….…………. iii
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………… iv
目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………….... v
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………………….. vii
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………...……….. viii
第一章 前言 ………………………………………………………………………… 1
第二章 文獻回顧 .…………………………………………………………….……… 3
第一節 臺灣梨的生產 ……………………………………………………… 3
第二節 休眠誘導因子 ……………………………………………………… 3
第三節 梨的花芽發育 ……………………………………………………… 6
第四節 休眠程度之探測 ………….……….………………….……..………… 7
第五節 打破休眠 ………………………..………………….……..…………… 8
第六節 養分的變化與休眠之關係 …………………………………………. 10
第三章 材料與方法 ………………………………………………………………… 13
一、 試驗材料 …………………………………………………………………. 13
二、 試驗方法 …………………………………………………………………. 13
(一) 修剪與催芽對卓蘭地區新興梨花芽發育與休眠之影響 …..……. 13
(二) 不同溫度處理對三品種梨生長與休眠之影響 …………………… 14
(三) 生長箱環境與卓蘭低海拔地區田間環境之休眠性比較 ……….... 14
(四) 內容物分析 ………………………………………...………………. 14
第四章 結果與討論 ………………………………………………………………… 17
第一節 修剪與催芽對卓蘭地區新興梨花芽發育與休眠性之影響 …..…… 17
(一) 新興梨新梢營養生長狀態 …………………..………………… 17
(二) 新興梨新梢花芽形成狀態 …………………..………………… 18
(三) 休眠性之探討 …………………………………………………... 19
第二節 不同溫度處理對鳥梨、橫’梨、新興梨生長與休眠之影響 …..… 20
(一) 梨枝條生長狀態之觀察 ……………………………………….. 20
(二) 溫度對鳥梨、橫山梨、新興梨營養生長之影響 ………….…. 20
(三) 溫度對鳥梨、橫山梨、新興梨花芽形成之影響 ………….….. 23
第三節 生長箱環境與卓蘭低海拔地區環境之休眠性比較 ………………... 25
(一) 溫度處理影響休眠性表現之探討 ………………………….... 25
(二) 卓蘭低海拔地區新興梨休眠性表現 ……………………….... 26
(三) 生長箱環境與卓蘭低海拔地區休眠性之探討 ……………….. 28
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………………………… 30
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………….. 58
附錄一、新興梨枝修剪方式及調查方式示意圖 ………………………………… 66
附錄二、溫度試驗流程圖 ………………………………………………………….. 68
附錄三、單芽扦插於吸水海綿，並至於25/20℃生長箱中觀察 ………………… 69
附錄四、氮含量測定─全氮(凱氏氮)分析(Kjedahl) ………………………………. 70
附錄五、碳水化合物含量測定─Anthrone法 …………………………………….. 71
附錄六、營養分析流程圖 ………………………………………………………….. 72
附錄七、2015年至2016年3月卓蘭地區氣象資料 ……………………………… 73

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