臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文開發一台綠能電動車的混合動力系統，以3kW燃料電池控制系統作為主電力源，整合太陽能系統，二次電池系統與化學產氫系統，並搭配有效的電池管理策略與燃料電池能源管理策略，進行綠能電動車供電系統的開發。
電動車具有高效率、操作安靜、無廢氣排放等優點，但純電池電動車行程卻受到電池容量與性能的限制，於是有人提出使用燃料電池與二次電池混合使用的燃料電池電動車，但燃料電池仍舊受限於其燃料—氫氣的攜帶容量與貯存問題，為此我們發展出一套結合化學產氫系統的燃料電池電動車，如此僅需攜帶足夠的化學藥品並搭配適當的電力管理策略，便可以無限地延長電動車的續航力。本論文包含四個主要工作:子系統模組化、電力管理策略、電動車全車整合、及SimPowerSystem模擬與分析。
首先，我們先將各個子系統的電路模組化，並設計控制器安裝於各子系統上，使其可以獨立運作。其次，我們將燃料電池系統搭配converter作為主電力源，搭接兩組磷酸鋰鐵二次電池系統，並設計適當的管理策略，發展串並聯混合電力鏈。再則，我們以化學產氫系統作為氫氣供應來源，並以太陽能電池做為額外的電力源，利用各項電力元件與微控制器，完成燃料電池電動車的整合。最後，我們使用Matlab/SimPowerSystem建立全車模型，並進行模擬與實驗比較，分析此系統的可行性與優點，並顯示模型可以準確估測真實系統之響應結果。
此外，我們發展的電動車亦可作為移動式電力站使用，對於供應定置型負載也有不錯的效用；因為現階段綠能成本相對較高，所以我們發展了一套分析移動式電力站成本的方法，並進行最佳化配置的分析及設計。

This thesis develops a hybrid Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) electric vehicle. The hybrid power system consists of a 3kW PEMFC, PV arrays, secondary battery sets, and a chemical hydrogen generation system. We further design battery management and energy control stratigies to enhance the system’s energy efficiency.
Electric vehicles have the advantages of high efficiency, quiet operation, zero emission and diversity of electric sources. But the moving ranges of pure battery electric vehicles are limited by the battery capacity. Thus, hybrid PEMFC vehicles, which consist of PEMFC and secondary battery, were developed to extend the travelling range. However, the carry and storage of hydrogen are still problematic. Therefore, we design a chemical hydrogen generation system so that the driving distance can be extended by carrying sufficient chemical materials.
This thesis contains four main tasks: subsystem modules, energy management design, system integration, and SimPowerSystem simulation and analysis. First, we simplify the subsystem control circuits so that the subsystems can work independently., Second, we design a hybrid power train that is composed of a PEMFC, a DC/DC converter, two lithium-ion battery sets, and electric components. We also design proper power management strategies so that the vehicle can be continuousely operated. Third, we integrate the PV arrays as an extra energy source, and build the chemical hydrogen generation system that can continuously provide hydrogen fuel. Last, we use Matlab/SimPowerSystem to build the hybrid electric vehicle model, and tune model parameters based on experimental data. We further conduct experiments for verification and show that the model can successfully predict the system responses.
Furthermore, the developed hybrid electric vehicle can be used as a movable hybrid power station, which can regulate the grid power or provide power for remote areas. Based on these ideas, we further perform cost analysis and model optimization for custmized hybrid power systems. In the future, the proposed PEMFC electric vehicle can be developed as both transportation and stationary hybrid power systems.

致謝 I
中文摘要 III
Abstract V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XIX
符號表 XXII
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 各章摘要 3
第二章 電動車子系統介紹 5
2.1 燃料電池系統 5
2.1.1 燃料電池構造與發電原理 5
2.1.2 PEMFC理論及特性 9
2.1.3 PEMFC燃料電池硬體架構 13
2.1.4 PEMFC燃料電池系統溫度控制 17
2.1.5 直流/直流轉換器與逆變器 17
2.2 太陽能系統 18
2.3 化學產氫系統 22
2.3.1 反應器與催化劑 26
2.3.2 氣液分離器設計 26
2.3.3 電磁閥與感應器 27
2.3.4 系統散熱設計 30
2.4 二次電池系統 35
2.4.1 二次電池的電力參數 37
2.4.2 二次電池的充電方式 39
第三章 電動車系統整合硬體與設計 45
3.1 系統架構與主電力鏈規劃 45
3.2 硬體配置與運作流程 46
3.3 開關控制板與輔助電力鏈架設 49
3.4 繼電器與驅動電路 53
3.5 信號擷取與量測電路 59
3.6 燃料電池整合電路與控制 61
3.7 人機介面與顯示監控 67
第四章 電動車系統動態與性能測試 69
4.1 電動車規格介紹 69
4.2 電動車測試路線規劃 70
4.3 電動車Driving cycle量測 73
4.4 全車系統整合上路測試 75
4.5 續航力 78
第五章 二次電池管理策略比較分析與上路結果 81
5.1 電池殘電量估測 81
5.2 電力管理架構 83
5.2.1 串聯式電力鏈 84
5.2.2 串聯測試 85
5.2.3 並聯式電力鏈 88
5.2.4 並聯測試 89
5.3 混合電力鏈 92
5.4 不同路線上路測試結果分析 94
第六章 電動車系統動態模擬 101
6.1 電動車混合電力鏈模型建立 101
6.2 全車模擬 103
6.2.1 串聯電力鏈模擬驗證 104
6.2.2 並聯電力鏈模擬驗證 107
6.3 系統成本分析 110
6.3.1 定義與設定成本相關參數 110
6.3.2 行駛里程指標 117
第七章 移動式電力站 139
7.1 能量管理策略 139
7.2 不同負載測試 141
7.3 系統設計與最佳化分析 150
7.3.1 可靠度指標 151
7.3.2 規格與數量分析 152
第八章 結論與未來展望 169
8.1 結論 169
8.2 未來展望 170
參考文獻 171

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