臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究所稱之雙無段變速系統(Dual Continuously Variable Transmission, DCVT)，係由兩組無段變速器(Continuously Variable Transmission, CVT)組合而成。系統在輸入端相連，並分別輸出至兩側車輪，類似於荷蘭汽車製造商DAF於1958年搭載於DAF 600車型之Variomatic傳動系統。隨著近年CVT技術的演進，目前已有主動控制CVT減速比之技術，不但可改善車輛性能還可同時達成較高的燃油經濟性。若將上述之主動式CVT用於DCVT系統，可達成主動差速控制及動力分配，提升駕駛安全性及車身動態性能。本研究透過建立主動式雙無段變速系統(Active Continuously Variable Transmission, ADCVT)之動態模型，比較該系統與傳統之實軸、差速器、限滑差速器等動力分配系統特性之差異。並透過Matlab撰寫程式模擬搭載該系統之車輛在轉向時的動態行為，比較該系統在定速行駛時輸入不同轉向角度、定轉向角度不同車速時車輛的轉向半徑變化及車輛失去抓地力時的動態反應。結果顯示ADCVT系統可透過參數調整提升車輛轉向性能，並可在車輛失去抓地力時保有限滑功能，不致使車輛失去動力。

The dual continuously variable transmission(DCVT), which investigated in this study, is assembled by two CVTs. At the primary pulley side, two CVTs are connected by one straight shaft and share the same rotation speed. However, two CVTs transmit power to two wheels independently. Although the DCVT system proposed in this paper is similar to the “Variomatic” system, which was developed by the Dutch car manufacturer DAF more than 50 years ago. With the advanced active CVT control widely used in modern car industry, the DCVT system may be able to achieve better fuel economy than the mechanical controlled Variomatic system. In addition, the active yaw moment control also becomes available to the DCVT system with active CVT control now to improve the driving safety and the vehicle performance. In this study, the dynamic models of the ADCVT system and other conventional differential system including solid-axle, open-differential are built. Split-mu test and J-turn test under different parameter including speed, steer angle, ADCVT gain and ratio-changing speed are carried out to simulate and compare the basic system characteristics of these systems. The simulation results show that the ADCVT system possesses limit-slip function to prevent loss of traction while one driving tire slips. And with proper system control, the system is proved to be able to improve the handling performance of vehicle.

摘要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XV
符號彙整 XVI
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-3 研究動機與目的 4
1-4 研究架構與方法 5
第二章 理論基礎 6
2-1 車輛動態模型 6
2-1-1 車輛座標 6
2-1-2 車輛受力分析 7
2-1-3 阿克曼轉向幾何 10
2-1-4 穩態自行車轉向模型 11
2-1-5 平面車輛動態方程式 12
2-1-6 車輪相對速度 14
2-2 輪胎模型 15
2-2-1 輪胎座標系定義 15
2-2-2 輪胎受力與力矩 16
2-2-3 輪胎縱向滑差與驅動力 17
2-2-4 輪胎側滑角與側向力 19
2-2-5 魔術方程式 22
2-2-6 車輪動態模型 25
第三章 動力分配系統模型 26
3-1 實軸 26
3-2 一般差速器 28
3-2-1 一般差速器運動分析與動態模型 29
3-2-2 離合器動力傳遞特性 33
3-2-3 主動式限滑差速器系統分析 34
3-2-4 扭矩分配差速器系統分析 35
3-3 雙無段變速系統 41
3-3-1 被動式無段變速系統原理 44
3-3-2 主動式無段變速系統分析及動態模型 47
3-3-3 主動式雙無段變速系統分析及動態模型 50
3-3-4 雙無段變速系統之主動差速控制 53
第四章 系統模擬與程式 54
4-1 模擬分析方法 55
4-1-1 單輪打滑模擬 55
4-1-2 車輛轉向動態模擬 56
4-2 模擬分析設定 59
4-2-1 單輪打滑模擬設定 59
4-2-2 車輛規格 60
4-2-3 輪胎規格 61
4-2-4 駕駛模型 64
第五章 數值分析結果與討論 68
5-1 動力分配系統防滑特性分析與比較 68
5-1-1 實軸系統 69
5-1-2 差速器系統 70
5-1-3 雙無段變速系統 71
5-1-4 討論 72
5-2 動力分配系統車輛轉向分析與比較 73
5-2-1 實軸系統 74
5-2-2 差速器系統 77
5-2-3 雙無段變速系統 81
5-2-4 討論 84
5-3 車速與轉向角對雙無段變速系統車輛轉向之影響 86
5-3-1 不同車速之車輛轉向分析 87
5-3-2 不同轉向角之車輛轉向分析 88
5-4 雙無段變速系統設定對車輛轉向之影響 90
5-4-1 增益值對車輛轉向之影響 90
5-4-2 不同減速比變換速率下對車輛轉向之影響 92
5-4-3 討論 94
第六章 結論與未來展望 95
6-1 結論 95
6-2 未來展望 97
參考文獻 98
附錄一 單輪打滑模擬程式 101
附錄二 車輛轉向動態模擬程式 106
附錄三 Carsim驗證 137

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