臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對二速三軸齒輪系架構為基礎，建立一套完整的設計流程與方法，期望透過齒輪箱內部構件設計搭配電腦輔助最佳化達成齒輪系輕量化之目的，並佐以軸承選用，使軸承能夠以現有的型錄做最適合之搭配。本論文首先由基礎力學理論發展齒輪系數學模型，並針對齒輪系內部構件列出完整的設計方法。接著以分支限界法為基礎，搭配遺傳基因演算法，推導出符合目標要求之最輕量化設計，並針對其整數齒數的選用、最佳嚙合齒數的調整、軸承規格之選用提出相關的流程與方法，並檢視其結果與一般傳統設計方法之優劣。之後藉由分析模擬討論不同齒輪系配置設定中的最佳設計佈局架構，再透過參數靈敏度分析得出各變數對目標函數的靈敏程度，並討論其對目標函數造成的影響，進一步供設計者作為設計時判斷取捨的依據。本研究藉由應用設計技巧與最佳化方法，建立一完整而系統化的齒輪系設計流程，將有助於車輛變速系統未來之發展與研究。

The purpose of this study was to develop a design approach of two-speed helical gear train system and to find out the suitable selection method of bearings which could fit the available bearing catalog. In this study, first, the total weight of gear train was optimized by genetic algorithm. According to the design requirement and structural features constraints, the mathematical model of optimization which took the basic design variables and total weight loss as the objective function was established. The branch and bound method was also applied to set up for the design processes of choosing integer number of teeth, satisfying the hunting ratio and fitting the bearing selection properly. Second, with altering the different gear train configuration settings, the better design could be determined as a conclusion. Further, each variable would be examined in sensitivity. Accordingly, the conclusion could provide the designer to make trade-offs based on the design process. By developing a complete design of lightweight optimization, the study findings may serve as development and further research of the vehicle transmission system.

口試委員審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
符號表 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 齒輪系架構與文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 二速齒輪系架構 2
1-2-2 齒輪系設計與最佳化文獻回顧 4
1-3 研究動機與目的 5
1-4 論文架構 6
第二章 理論基礎 7
2-1 傳動系統座標系之定義 7
2-2 齒輪箱變速原理 8
2-2-1 齒輪箱動力傳遞 8
2-2-2 減速比規劃 9
2-3 螺旋齒輪 10
2-3-1 齒形術語 10
2-3-2 螺旋齒輪嚙合力學模型 12
2-3-3 齒輪過切限制 14
2-3-4 嚙合齒數規範 (Hunting tooth ratio) 15
2-3-5 齒輪彎矩強度設計 16
2-3-6 齒輪面壓強度設計 17
2-4 旋轉軸 19
2-4-1 軸負載 19
2-4-2 軸之剪力彎矩圖 21
2-4-3 齒環厚度 (Rim thickness) 23
2-4-4 軸直徑 24
2-5 軸承 25
2-5-1 軸承受力模型 25
2-5-2 軸承負荷壽命 28
2-5-3 額定可靠度 29
2-5-4 軸承負荷承載設計 30
第三章 二速三軸齒輪系設計 32
3-1 設計方法與步驟 32
3-2 設計目標與規格 33
3-3 齒輪系模型 34
3-3-1 基本假設 34
3-3-2 齒輪系設計暨軸承選用流程 35
3-3-3 傳動系統模型與佈局 36
3-4 螺旋齒輪對設計 38
3-4-1 設計要點 38
3-4-2 減速齒輪對設計 39
3-5 三軸佈局位置設計 47
3-6 三軸尺寸設計 51
3-6-1 設計要點 51
3-6-2 軸負載分析 51
3-6-3 剪力彎矩分析 56
3-6-4 旋轉軸設計 65
3-7 軸承選配 66
3-7-1 設計要點 66
3-7-2 軸承使用需求 67
3-7-3 軸承選用方法 68
3-8 小結 71
第四章 齒輪系最佳化設計 72
4-1 最佳化理論 72
4-1-1 方法架構 72
4-1-2 基因遺傳演算法 73
4-1-3 混和整數規劃 78
4-2 最佳化設計方法 83
4-2-1 最佳化設計目標 83
4-2-2 設計變數 84
4-2-3 目標函數 87
4-2-4 限制條件 89
4-2-5 設計流程 95
4-2-6 可行性設計 96
4-3 實例分析 99
4-3-1 最佳化結果 99
4-3-2 結果比較 102
4-4 小結 102
第五章 齒輪系配置設定與參數分析 103
5-1 齒輪系配置設定 103
5-1-1 佈局型式設定 103
5-1-2 換檔齒輪對配置設定 108
5-2 參數靈敏度分析 112
5-3 小結 119
第六章 結論 120
6-1 結論 120
6-2 未來展望 122
參考文獻 123

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