臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統比流器為電力系統量測中不可或缺的設備之一，但其鐵芯架構在故障發生時的飽和問題將造成電流的誤判斷，進而使得後端的保護電驛誤動作。目前針對改善傳統比流器鐵芯飽和問題及配合未來變電所智慧化的需求，已有多種電流量測技術問世。本研究採用之新型電流量測技術，設計使用霍爾感測器採角度對稱分佈的方式環繞於待測電力纜線上，稱作無鐵芯式霍爾比流器。但因霍爾感測器本身具有約2.5V的直流輸出偏壓，此偏壓將受到環境溫度影響而改變其大小值，此現象稱為熱漂移現象。此外，環境溫度亦影響霍爾感測器的靈敏度，這些都是影響無鐵芯式霍爾比流器量測準確度的因素。
本研究提出之自我校正法可以隨時偵測並校正無鐵芯式霍爾比流器之直流輸出偏壓，避免熱漂移現象的發生而影響電流量測準確度。此外，此方法亦可依環境溫度的改變補償量測靈敏度以得到較佳的量測準確度，最後亦針對IEC 60044-8電子式電流互感器規範進行電流準確度等級試驗，結果證明無鐵芯式霍爾比流器經本文所提出之自我校正法進行補償後，其百分比電流誤差可達計測用比流器規範中之準確等級Class 0.5。

Current transformers (CTs) are an indispensable equipment for power system current measurement. If a fault occurs in a power system, iron cores of CTs may face saturation problem and cause current measurement errors, resulting in false responses in protection relays. There are many kinds of current measurement technology to solve the saturation problem of iron cores of CTs and fulfill the requirements of intelligent substations. This research proposes a new current measurement technology using Hall integrated circuits (Hall ICs) symmetrically surrounding a power cable to measure the current flowing in it. This new electronic current transformer is called coreless Hall-effect current transformer (HCT). However, there is a dc offset voltage of about 2.5V existing in Hall ICs and the thermal drift phenomenon of this dc offset may arise due to ambient temperature. Furthermore, the sensitivity of Hall ICs may also be affected by ambient temperature. All of them are factors affecting accuracy of the HCT.
This thesis proposes an automatic dc offset calibration method to eliminate the dc offset voltages of Hall ICs. It can detect the dc offset voltage of Hall ICs at any time to avoid affecting current measurement accuracy due to thermal drift phenomenon. Another method proposed is for temperature calibration which can calibrate the sensitivity variation due to ambient temperature. This research also follows IEC 60044-8 electronic current transformer standard to perform the current accuracy test to verify the accuracy class of coreless Hall-effect current transformer. Results show that accuracy can achieve class 0.5 for measuring CTs.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖索引 VI
表索引 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 1
1.3章節概述 2
第二章 電力發展趨勢概述 3
2.1 前言 3
2.2 變電所智慧化介紹 3
2.3 IEC 61850於變電所自動化的演進 4
第三章 傳統比流器與電子式電流互感器之介紹 8
3.1 前言 8
3.2 傳統比流器飽和問題 8
3.3 電子式電流互感器之分類與原理 11
3.3.1 Faraday原理之電子式電流互感器 11
3.3.2 Rogowski 線圈之電子式電流互感器 13
3.3.3 低功率電流互感器 14
3.3.4 傳統式霍爾電流互感器 15
3.3.5 無鐵芯式霍爾電流互感器 17
3.4 電子式電流互感器的特性 17
第四章 傳統比流器與電子式電流互感器標準規範 20
4.1 前言 20
4.2 傳統比流器標準規範 20
4.3 電子式電流互感器標準規範 22
第五章 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器之自我校正功能設計 25
5.1 前言 25
5.2 電源驅動電路設計 25
5.3 訊號感測電路與數位濾波功能設計 27
5.3.1 霍爾感測器之選用 27
5.3.2 電流感測電路架構與數位濾波器架構 28
5.4 直流輸出偏壓校正功能設計 30
5.5 溫度補償功能設計 34
5.5.1 溫度感測器之選用 34
5.5.2 溫度補償程式設計 37
第六章 實驗測試結果與討論 42
6.1 電流量測系統 42
6.2 直流輸出偏壓校正功能測試 43
6.3 數位濾波功能測試 46
6.4 溫度補償功能測試 49
第七章 結論與未來展望 56
7.1 結論 56
7.2 未來展望 56
參考文獻 58

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