臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

配電箱內部發生電弧閃絡時，將伴隨強光與高熱現象，容易導致嚴重的火災事故，對相關設備與工作人員可能造成巨大的危害。本研究以配電箱為目標，建立一套弧光分析方法，探討弧光事故時產生之能量及人員之防護裝備選用，並進一步探討降低弧光能量之方法。本研究透過IEEE 1584之建議公式，依系統最大與最小短路容量、保護設備一次側與二次側發生弧光事故時，所產生之弧光能量進行比較，以保守評估弧光危害等級。為改善或降低弧光危害等級，分別以調整既設傳統保護協調、應用區域選擇性閉鎖，以及運用弧光保護系統等三種方式，透過Matlab/ Simulink模擬保護設備動作邏輯及弧光能量，以比較其保護效果。研究發現，系統短路容量對弧光能量的影響不大，且過電流保護設備一次側之事故能量遠大於二次側。各弧光能量改善方法中，弧光保護系統可將弧光燃燒時間限制於100 ms以內，最能有效降低弧光事故能量，並將大部分配電箱之弧光危害限制在危險等級二以下。

Arcing fault releases large amount of heat and intense light when it occurs in panelboards. It also easily leads to serious fire accident and causes a huge damage to equipments and workers. To estimate the incident energy and personal protective equipment (PPE), a method of arc flash hazard analysis is proposed in this thesis. Furthermore, this thesis studies the mitigation of arc flash hazard. In order to evaluate the PPE Category, this research compares the incident energy calculated in different conditions based on IEEE 1584 standard. The conditions include maximum and minimum short circuit capacity, arc flash occurring in the primary and secondary side of protective devices. In addition, to improve or mitigate the PPE Category, Matlab/Simulink is introduced to simulate the communication logic and incident energy of protective devices by modifying coordination time interval, applying Zone-Selective Interlocking(ZSI) and arc protective system respectively. The results show that short circuit capacity has a low effect on incident energy and the incident energy occurred in the primary side of overcurrent protective device is greater than the one occurred in the secondary side. Using Arc protective system is the most effective way to mitigating the incident energy of different methods. It can limit the arcing time within 100 ms and the PPE Category under class 2 for most panelboards.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 3
1.3 研究方法 5
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章 配電箱電弧閃絡及相關安規 9
2.1 前言 9
2.2 電弧閃絡之介紹 9
2.2.1 電弧閃絡之原因 9
2.2.2 電弧閃絡之現象與影響 10
2.3 電弧閃絡相關安規標準 12
2.3.1 OSHA 13
2.3.2 NEC 14
2.3.3 IEEE 1584 14
2.3.4 NFPA 70E 15
2.3.5 其它安規 16
2.4 配電箱相關安規標準 16
2.4.1 IEC 17
2.4.1.1 IEC TR 61641 17
2.4.1.2 IEC 62271-200 19
2.4.2 IEEE 19
2.4.3 CNS 20
2.4.3.1 CNS 3990 20
2.4.3.2 CNS 13542 22
2.4.3.3 CNS 15156-200 23
2.5 本章小結 23
第三章 電弧閃絡能量之分析與個人防護具 25
3.1 前言 25
3.2 電弧閃絡之分析方法與流程 25
3.3 電弧閃絡之能量模型 27
3.3.1 IEEE 1584 能量模型 28
3.3.1.1 弧光電流 29
3.3.1.2 弧光能量 31
3.3.2 NFPA 70E 能量模型 32
3.3.2.1 系統電壓600 V 以下 32
3.3.2.2 系統電壓600 V 以上 33
3.4 弧光危險距離 34
3.4.1 弧光危險距離之介紹 34
3.4.2 弧光保護邊界之計算 35
3.4.2.1 IEEE 1584 之弧光保護邊界 36
3.4.2.2 NFPA 70E 之弧光保護邊界 36
3.5 個人防護具 37
3.5.1 個人防護具之種類 37
3.5.2 個人防護具之選用方式 38
3.5.3 個人防護具之化簡 41
3.6 電弧閃絡警告標籤之制定 42
3.7 本章小結 43
第四章 降低電弧閃絡能量之方法 45
4.1 前言 45
4.2 過電流保護方式 45
4.2.1 改善電力系統結構 45
4.2.2 選擇保護電驛之維護設定 47
4.2.3 調整既設傳統保護協調 48
4.2.4 應用區域選擇性閉鎖 51
4.3 弧光之偵測與抑制 53
4.3.1 弧光偵測器 53
4.3.1.1 弧光偵測器之種類 53
4.3.1.2 弧光偵測器之安裝位置 55
4.3.2 弧光保護設備 56
4.3.2.1 弧光消除裝置 56
4.3.2.2 快速接地開關 56
4.3.2.3 弧光保護電驛 57
4.3.2.4 弧光保護系統 60
4.4 耐電弧配電箱之設計 63
4.4.1 改變氣爆方向 63
4.4.2 建立弧光通道 64
4.4.3 裝設弧光能量吸收器 65
4.5 本章小結 66
第五章 範例系統電弧閃絡之分析 69
5.1 前言 69
5.2 範例系統 69
5.2.1 範例系統之單線圖 69
5.2.2 範例系統之保護協調設定 70
5.3 範例系統之電弧閃絡分析 71
5.3.1 電弧閃絡分析方法 71
5.3.2 電弧閃絡分析之相關參數 73
5.3.3 過電流保護設備電弧閃絡分析 73
5.3.4 電弧閃絡分析結果比較 76
5.4 警告標籤及個人防護具之選用 77
5.4.1 電弧閃絡警告標籤 78
5.4.2 個人防護具之選用 78
5.5 本章小結 79
第六章 範例系統電弧閃絡能量之改善 81
6.1 前言 81
6.2 電弧閃絡能量改善建議 81
6.3 調整既設傳統保護協調 82
6.4 應用區域選擇性閉鎖 85
6.5 運用弧光保護系統 90
6.6 電弧閃絡能量比較 95
6.7 本章小結 96
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 97
7.1 結論 97
7.2 未來研究方向 99
參考文獻 101

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