臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著城鄉建設的發展，以架空被覆線路為主的郊區或偏遠地區之配電方式，其架設規模亦逐漸擴大，但因天然、環境、材料或人為疏失等因素，皆可能導致架空被覆線路斷落後的接地短路，其故障電流會隨接地阻抗的特性而異，有時傳統之過電流保護方式皆難以偵測，以致斷落於地之高壓導線或其伴隨之電弧閃絡，將對人員、動物或環境造成莫大之危害。本論文基於小波轉換理論與類神經網路，開發出適用於輻射型配電饋線末端設備(FTU)中之高阻抗偵測器，主要是利用3I0零序電流作為偵測高阻抗接地故障之依據。首先，應用小波轉換理論解析出高阻抗故障特徵訊號，再將此特徵信號透過類神經網路加以分類辨識，若判斷出高阻抗故障，即可產生識別訊號，經由饋線末端設備傳送至遠端配電調度中心，整體偵測架構具有分辨高阻抗故障類型及故障所在區段之功能。本文高阻抗偵測器分別透過實際饋線人工故障試驗資料，與高阻抗數學模型故障模擬資料進行訓練，最後，經由Matlab/Simulink模擬與Doble波形重現模擬器，重現真實高阻抗接地故障訊號並進行測試，結果顯示高阻抗故障偵測器可準確偵測各類型高阻抗接地故障，具有實際應用之價值。

Along with the development of urban or suburban areas, the scale of electrical infrastructure which mainly as overhead distribution line has been gradually expanded. Unfortunately, the overhead distribution line may broke or falling down due to natural disaster, environmental issues, material degradation or human error. However, the fault current is mainly dependent on grounding impedance characteristics. Most of time the current is so small that the fault condition shall hard to detect by exists protection relay. Usually, the falling down conductor may create an arcing once touch with ground. This arcing would danger living life or cause fire.
This thesis has been successfully developed an intelligent high impedance fault (HIF) detector for using in Feeder Terminal Unit (FTU). Generally, the zero-sequence current (3I0) is introduced to detecting HIFs. The wavelet transform is used for analyzing HIF feature signal and the back-propagation neural network is used for identification. If the HIF is detected by detector, the FTU will issue an identified signal and transmitted it to the remote side of distribution control center. As a result, not only the HIF fault can be detected but also the fault zone also will be located.
First of all, the intelligent HIF detector will be intensively trained by using some of actual test data in field and Matlab/Simulink simulation data. Then, The Matlab/Simulink simulation and Doble waveform reproducer are introduced to reproduce the recorded waveform of actual HIF grounding fault current for test. Finally, the test results show that the intelligent HIF detector can accurately detect various type of HIF grounding fault with high accuracy. It proves that the proposed detector have highly application value.

摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
第一章　緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 1
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章　配電系統架空饋線保護方式 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 配電電網之架構 5
2.3 國內架空被覆線路保護方式 7
2.4 國外架空被覆線路保護方式 10
2.4.1 機構式 10
2.4.2 電氣式 11
2.4.3 數位啟發式 12
2.4.3.1 專家系統 12
2.4.3.2 基因演算法 14
2.4.3.3 時頻分析演算法 15
2.5 其他高阻抗偵測演算法 17
2.6 本章小結 19
第三章　高阻抗故障偵測 21
3.1 前言 21
3.2 高阻抗故障之電氣特性 21
3.3 取樣定理[33] 22
3.4 小波轉換法 23
3.4.1 原理 23
3.4.2 連續與離散小波 25
3.4.3 小波轉換種類 27
3.5 人工神經網路 29
3.5.1 原理 29
3.5.2 神經網路種類 33
3.5.2.1 倒傳遞神經網路 34
3.5.2.2 霍普菲爾神經網路 38
3.5.2.3 幅狀基底函數神經網路 40
3.6 應用於高阻抗特徵訊號 42
3.7 本章小結 46
第四章　饋線末端自動化偵測系統 47
4.1 前言 47
4.2 饋線自動化功能概述 47
4.3 饋線自動化系統設備與機制介紹 50
4.4 改良型FTU應用於高阻抗故障偵測 57
4.4.1 改良型FTU之DSP硬體介紹 57
4.4.2 改良型FTU之DSP軟體介紹 62
4.5 本章小結 66
第五章　高阻抗故障偵測器驗證 67
5.1 前言 67
5.2 環境測試平台之架設 67
5.3 高阻抗故障資料來源簡介 69
5.3.1 商品化電驛於高阻抗故障功能之實測 70
5.3.2 應用Matlab/simulink於模擬系統之建立 72
5.3.3 高阻抗故障偵測器於測試系統之建立 75
5.4 測試結果 76
5.4.1 商品化電驛實測結果 76
5.4.2 Matlab/simulink模擬訊號實測結果 83
5.4.3 高阻抗故障偵測器實測結果 84
5.5 本章小結 89
第六章　結論與未來方向 90
6.1 結論 90
6.2 未來研究方向 90
參考文獻 92
附錄 A COMTRADE格式轉檔流程[60] 98

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