臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

再生能源的興起使得直流電力在電力系統的比例逐漸增加，直流電力系統有發生直流串聯電弧故障的可能性，電弧所產生的火花與高溫容易導致火災的發生，在國外已有太陽能光電系統因直流電弧故障引發火災的事故紀錄，美國與台灣也針對太陽光電系統制訂電弧故障電路保護的相關規範。本論文建立一直流電弧故障實驗平台，針對電阻性負載與逆變器進行不同實驗條件之正常運轉與串聯電弧故障實驗，於MATLAB軟體利用數位訊號處理方法擷取線路電流頻域特徵，設計頻譜能量檢測法與倒傳遞類神經網路檢測法，並將電弧故障檢測系統初步實現於FPGA開發版，將檢測方法應用至量測之實驗數據並與商用PV AFD進行比較。兩種檢測方法皆能夠正確判斷正常運轉與串聯電弧故障，若未來能開發為檢測裝置，將有助於降低發生火災發生的機率。

More renewable energy power generation is installed and the proportion of DC power to power system is increasing. DC arc fault may present in DC power system. The arcing accompanied with high thermal and spark.It is easy to cause serious fires. Several overseas example of fires caused by DC arc fault at PV system were reported. USA and Taiwan have developed regulations that PV system shall include a DC arc fault circuit protection device.In this thesis, it implements an experiment platform to collect line current data of normal operation and series arc fault. Experiments include resistive load and inverter operating at different conditions. Then, the technique of digital signal processing is used to obtain the frequency-domain feature of experiment data. This study developes two detecting method. The first is spectrum energy detecting method, the second is artificial neural network(ANN) method. Detecting methods are implemented by using FPGA preliminarily. Two detecting methods are applied to experiment data and the results are compared to commercial PV AFD. In this thesis, the proposed methods can recognize normal operation and series arc fault effectively. If the detecting methods in this thesis can be practically used in the future, it could reduce the incidence of fire caused by arc fault.

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖索引 viii
表索引 xv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 3
1.3 研究內容 7
1.4 章節敘述 8
第二章 直流串聯電弧故障保護介紹 10
2.1 前言 10
2.2 直流電力系統介紹 10
2.2.1太陽光電發電系統 11
2.2.2 直流微電網 13
2.2.3 電動車 15
2.3 電力系統電弧故障之類型與特性 16
2.3.1電弧 16
2.3.2 交流電力系統電弧故障 17
2.3.3直流電力系統電弧故障類型 20
2.3.4 直流串聯電弧故障之時頻特性 21
2.4 商用直流電弧故障保護裝置 24
2.5 直流電弧故障之相關標準 28
2.5.1 NEC 690.11與屋內配線裝置規則第396-30條 28
2.5.2 UL 1699B 29
2.6 實驗設備與實驗方法 31
2.6.1 實驗設備 31
2.6.2 實驗方法 35
2.7 小結 39
第三章 訊號處理與串聯電弧故障檢測方法 40
3.1 前言 40
3.2 快速傅立葉轉換 40
3.2.1 離散傅立葉轉換 40
3.2.2 快速傅立葉轉換 41
3.3 線路電流訊號擷取與窗函數 43
3.3.1 串聯電弧故障檢測頻段 43
3.3.2 線路電流擷取之週期時間長度與窗函數 45
3.4 頻譜能量檢測法 49
3.4.1 檢測頻段頻譜能量分析 49
3.4.2 頻譜能量檢測法檢測流程 54
3.5 倒傳遞類神經網路檢測法 58
3.6 小結 63
第四章 使用FPGA進行電弧故障檢測 64
4.1 前言 64
4.2 FPGA硬體開發平台 64
4.3 FPGA設計流程 65
4.4 FPGA電弧故障檢測模組 68
4.4.1 頻譜能量檢測法電弧故障檢測模組 68
4.4.2 倒傳遞類神經網路檢測法檢測模組 72
4.4.3 FPGA開發版檢測流程與檢測模組之硬體消耗 74
4.5 小結 77
第五章　直流串聯電弧故障檢測結果 78
5.1 前言 78
5.2 電阻性負載 79
5.2.1 不同的電源電壓與線路電流 79
5.2.2 不同的導線長度 89
5.2.3 開關電弧 95
5.3 切換式逆變器 99
5.3.1 不同的電源電壓大小與線路電流大小 99
5.3.2 不同的導線長度 108
5.3.3 線路電流變動測試 115
5.4 線性式逆變器 118
5.4.1 不同的電源電壓大小與線路電流大小 118
5.4.2 不同的導線長度 126
5.5 小結 132
第六章 結論及未來研究方向 134
6.1 結論 134
6.2 未來研究方向 135
參考文獻 136

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