臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

植物工廠係指在封閉的栽培設施環境下，實現對於植物生長環境與營養需求提供最佳化精準調控的栽培體系，藉由高科技的設備控制並配合對植物生長狀況進行觀察，以達到無季節氣候限制、全年無休、無農藥殘留的計畫性植物量產。現今市面上的植物工廠將燈具橫置於植物生長箱上方，單一方向光源造成溫室內各處的亮度難以均一，不僅使植株整齊度降低、造成空間利用率下降，同時無法針對單一植物作光強度的調整。本系統針對植物工廠用新型RGB LED驅動電路及光配方調控系統進行開發，為了研究直立型燈具是否能提高植物的空間利用率或提升植株整齊度，本系統以4組直立式燈具組取代橫式燈具，藉由所開發之應用程式作燈光顏色調控。本系統除了操作簡單之外，所開發之應用程式讓使用者得以自行調整燈具顏色，更可針對單一植物藉由系統自動計算輸出最合適的燈光配置，同時便利地記錄植物生長情形。

The plant factory is an indoor facility that aims to steadily produce high-quality vegetables all year round by artificially controlling the cultivation environment (e.g., light, temperature, humidity, water, carbon dioxide concentration, etc.), allowing the production be planned by growers. The growing cycles are consistent and reliable with the protection from weather-related problems. Of the various environmental factors that controls plant development, light plays an especially important role. Nowadays, the lighting system used in the plant factory is usually placed above the plants, which lower the plant spacing uniformity due to the uneven illumination caused by the directional lights. Simultaneously, the space utilization is therefore becoming lower. In this thesis, a novel LED lighting system mainly for plant factory is developed. To know whether the proposed vertical lighting system works well for improving spacing uniformity and utilization or not, the vertical LED lamps are adopted as the replacement. By applying the developed mobile application software (App), not only the lights can be operated under either users demands or system calculation, but the growth conditions of plants can be readily recorded. The proposed system has the advantages of easy installation and simple operation.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 章節概述 3
第二章 植物工廠介紹 5
2.1 植物與光的關係 6
2.2 植物工廠類型 7
2.3 植物工廠的優勢及其必要性 10
2.4 台灣植物工廠與產業的關係 12
第三章 系統架構 16
3.1 硬體架構 16
3.2 RGB LED介紹 17
3.3 使用IC介紹 18
3.3.1 穩壓IC N2576G-5 18
3.3.2 穩壓IC LD1117 18
3.3.3 光耦合器 PC817 19
3.3.4 定電流LED驅動IC CAT4104 20
3.3.5 溫度感測IC MCP9701 22
3.3.6 照度感測IC BH1620FVC 23
3.4 PIC16F1619微處理器介紹 25
3.5 PWM控制調光法 27
3.6 韌體調光程式流程 29
第四章 ZigBee無線通訊系統與實驗模組 33
4.1 ZigBee無線通訊網路技術簡介 33
4.2 ZigBee無線通訊網路協定堆疊與網路架構 35
4.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4協定堆疊架構 35
4.2.2 ZigBee網路拓樸架構 38
4.3 XBee 802.15.4 RF模組(Series1)簡介 40
4.4 MicroUSB –ZigBee無線傳輸模組 41
第五章 Android應用程式設計與實現 43
5.1 Android系統簡介 43
5.2 Android系統架構及開發環境介紹 44
5.3 Android相關技術運用探討 46
5.3.1 Activity執行狀態與生命週期 46
5.3.2 SQLite資料庫 49
5.3.3 Broadcast廣播系統 49
5.3.4 Jar檔使用 49
5.4 Android App調光控制流程圖 50
5.5 人機介面操作流程 51
第六章 實驗方法與結果 55
6.1 研究設備 55
6.2 實驗設計 55
6.2.1 手動調光演算法 55
6.2.2 自動配光演算法 57
6.3 實驗結果 61
6.3.1 手動模式 61
6.3.2 自動模式 68
第七章 結論與未來展望 70
7.1 結論 70
7.2 未來與研究展望 70
參考文獻 72

[1]鄭志玄，「自動化LED植物工廠」，國立成功大學碩士論文，2011。
[2]Nikos Alexandratos and Jelle Bruinsma., World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050, The 2012 Revision, ESA Working paper, Rome, FAO, 2012.
[3]Robotics and Automation in Indoor Agriculture., Indoor Ag-Con, 2015.
[4]群創科技股份有限公司，「北臺區域植物工廠示範區計畫總結報告書」，104年。
[5]Wattage., Led Agricultural Grow Lights: Market Shares, Strategy, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021, 2015.
[6]Despommier Dickson., "The Vertical Farm: Controlled Environment Agriculture Carried out in Tall Buildings Would Create Greater Food Safety and Security for Large Urban Populations." Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Vol.6, No. 2, 2011, pp. 233-236.
[7]Banerjee, Chirantan, and Lucie Adenaeuer., "Up, up and away! The economics of vertical farming." Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2014, pp. 40-60.
[8]McClintock, Nathan., “Why Farm the City? Theorizing Urban Agriculture through a Lens of Metabolic Rift”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2010, pp. 191-207.
[9]Michael McCarthy, Jeanne McCarten and Helen Sandiford., Viewpoint Level 1 Student’s, Vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 84.
[10]Haferkamp and MARSHALL R., Environmental factors affecting plant productivity. Achieving efficient use of rangeland resources. Bozeman: Montana State University Agricultural Experiment Station, 1988, pp. 27-36.
[11]Miller, Elmer S., G. Mackinney, and F. P. Zscheile Jr., Absorption spectra of alpha and beta carotenes and lycopene., Plant physiology Vol. 10, No. 2, 1935, pp. 375.
[12]旭發科技, " PO- FT5050FCZ", Application note, 2006.
[13]NIKO-SEM., " 52 KHz 3A Step-Down Switching Voltage Regulator (SVR)," Application note, 2004.
[14]STMicroelectronics., "Adjustable and fixed low drop positive voltage regulator," Application note, 2013.
[15]SHARP., " High Density Mounting Type Photocoupler," Application note.
[16]ON Semiconductor., "700 mA Quad Channel Constant Current LED Driver," Application note, 2010.
[17]MICROCHIP., "Low-Power Linear Active Thermistor™ ICs," Application note, 2009.
[18]ROHM., "Analog Current Output Type Ambient Light Sensor Ic," Application note, 2012.
[19]MICROCHIP., "14/20-Pin, 8-Bit Flash Microcontroller," Application note, 2014.
[20]Perera, T. A. S., “ZigBee wireless soil moisture sensor design for vineyard management system.”, Diss. Auckland University of Technology, 2010.
[21]Ibrahim, Zulkifilie Bin, et al. "Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2014, pp. 223.
[22]張三慧，「大學物理學—波動與光學」，清華大學出版社，2000年，Vol. 4，第119頁。
[23]張明毅，歐哲宇，鍾興穎，鄔家琪，方煒，「調控綠光比例對萵苣生長之影響」，國立宜蘭大學碩士論文，2010。