臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究選用鎂、鋅、釔純元素粉末作為初始材料，以Mg97Zn1Y2的比例藉由機械合金法結合等通道轉角擠製製備Mg97Zn1Y2塊材合金，並加以500℃熱處理。研究的目的在探討熱處理、等通道轉角擠製路徑及道次對Mg97Zn1Y2塊材合金之成形性、相變化、顯微組織之差異以及機械性質之影響。
實驗結果顯示，以機械合金法製備的合金粉末含有α-Mg、Y及Y2O3相，並無Mg-Zn-Y之間的二元或三元相生成。等通道轉角擠製後的塊材合金含有α-Mg、MgO及Y2O3相，熱處理後的合金仍無二元或三元相生成。以Bc路徑經等通道轉角擠製四道次後能獲得最高的硬度(110Hv)及最大壓縮強度(185MPa)，其中硬度值更是較傳統鑄造Mg97Zn1Y2來的高。由於合金中並沒有析出相之生成，因此本實驗中Mg97Zn1Y2塊材合金具有良好硬度的原因主要歸因於鋅跟釔(微量)的固溶強化和氧化鎂及氧化釔的散布強化。

In the present study, bulk Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying of pure element powders of Mg, Zn and Y, followed by consolidation using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and heat treatment at 500℃. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of heat treatment, routes and passes of ECAE on the consolidation efficiency, phase transformation, microstructure and mechanical properties of the bulk Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy.
Experiment results show that the Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy powder prepared by mechanical alloying contains α-Mg, Y and Y2O3 phase. No binary or ternary phases among Mg, Zn and Y are formed in the milling process. Bulk Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy consolidated by ECAE also contains α-Mg, MgO and Y2O3. After heat treatment, binary or ternary phases are still not formed. Among all of the ECAE-consolidated samples, the one prepared using route Bc with four passes shows the highest hardness (110Hv) and ultimate compressive strength (185MPa). The hardness is even higher than that of the as-cast Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy. The high hardness in this study is originated form the solid solution hardening of Zn and Y (low content), and the dispersion hardening of MgO and Y2O3.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.3.1 機械合金法製備鎂合金及其應用 3
1.3.2 ECAE粉末壓密在鎂及鎂合金上之應用 5
1.4 文獻回顧心得 7
第二章 理論基礎 8
2.1 鎂及鎂合金簡介 8
2.1.1 鎂合金的發展與應用 9
2.1.2 添加合金元素對鎂的影響 11
2.2 材料強化原理 12
2.3 機械合金法 13
2.3.1 金屬粉末的合金化過程 13
2.3.2 機械合金法的製程參數 16
2.4 等通道轉角擠製 23
2.4.1 ECAE塑性變形原理 23
2.4.2 ECAE擠型路徑 27
2.4.3 ECAE粉末壓密技術 ( ECAE Powder In The Tube，ECAE-PIT ) 30
第三章 實驗方法 32
3.1 實驗材料 33
3.2 試片準備 33
3.2.1 機械合金法 35
3.2.2 等通道轉角擠製(ECAE) 37
3.3 測試與分析 41
3.3.1 粉末與塊材顯微結構分析 41
3.3.2 粒徑分析 42
3.3.3 X-ray 繞射分析 43
3.3.4 硬度測試 44
3.3.5 壓縮測試 45
3.3.6 密度與孔隙率 46
第四章 實驗結果與討論 47
4.1 粉末形貌與相分析 47
4.1.1 粉末形貌與粒徑分析 47
4.1.2 X-Ray繞射分析 51
4.1.3 機械合金化試驗結論 54
4.2 粉末經等通道轉角擠製後的顯微組織觀察及相之分析 55
4.2.1 X-ray繞射分析 55
4.2.2 EDS分析 57
4.2.3 顯微組織觀察 63
4.3 塊材經熱處理後的顯微組織觀察及相之分析 69
4.3.1 X-ray繞射分析 69
4.3.2 顯微組織觀察 70
4.4 機械性質分析 72
4.4.1 密度及孔隙率分析 72
4.4.2 硬度分析 73
4.4.3 壓縮測試分析 75
第五章 結論 77
參考文獻 78

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