臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Jakarta MRT is not only the first MRT in Indonesia but also the first large-scale underground works in Jakarta. Before the Jakarta MRT project, only limited information can be identified for subsurface soil conditions and deep excavation analyses in Jakarta. To take the advantage of Jakarta MRT project, this study aims to establish the geotechnical properties and develop 3D numerical models in order to have a better understanding of deep excavation in Jakarta. As the progress of Jakarta MRT construction, an extensive soil investigation program was carried out. The quality of soil sample are evaluated. The drained and undrained shear strength properties of Jakarta clay was determined by a series of triaxial CU and UU tests. The determined soil properties were compared with empirical relations which are correlated with SPT- N value and soil index properties. Finally, a summary of simplified soil input properties for Jakarta clay was provided. Afterward, a three-dimensional finite element model for analysing the deep excavation of MRT Bundaran HI station in Central Jakarta was developed and it is aware that said underground structure was constructed using top- down method. A series of parametric studies was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil drainage type (i.e., total and effective stress analysis), and the impact of soil stiffness on the numerical results, in particular for diaphragm wall deformation and ground settlement.
The numerical results indicated the input soil modulus has significant influence on wall performance. The wall deformation using empirical soil modulus (from SPT-N) is generally smaller than that using experimental soil modulus (from CU tests) from surface level until the depth of 8 m and reverse trends can be observed for the depth below 8 m. Finally, the results presented in this study reflected that fundamental researches on determination of sampling quality (SQD), drained and undrained soil shear strength and modulus are still in a great need for Jakarta clay because these input properties have great influences on the predicted wall performance in finite element analyses.

Jakarta MRT is not only the first MRT in Indonesia but also the first large-scale underground works in Jakarta. Before the Jakarta MRT project, only limited information can be identified for subsurface soil conditions and deep excavation analyses in Jakarta. To take the advantage of Jakarta MRT project, this study aims to establish the geotechnical properties and develop 3D numerical models in order to have a better understanding of deep excavation in Jakarta. As the progress of Jakarta MRT construction, an extensive soil investigation program was carried out. The quality of soil sample are evaluated. The drained and undrained shear strength properties of Jakarta clay was determined by a series of triaxial CU and UU tests. The determined soil properties were compared with empirical relations which are correlated with SPT- N value and soil index properties. Finally, a summary of simplified soil input properties for Jakarta clay was provided. Afterward, a three-dimensional finite element model for analysing the deep excavation of MRT Bundaran HI station in Central Jakarta was developed and it is aware that said underground structure was constructed using top- down method. A series of parametric studies was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil drainage type (i.e., total and effective stress analysis), and the impact of soil stiffness on the numerical results, in particular for diaphragm wall deformation and ground settlement.
The numerical results indicated the input soil modulus has significant influence on wall performance. The wall deformation using empirical soil modulus (from SPT-N) is generally smaller than that using experimental soil modulus (from CU tests) from surface level until the depth of 8 m and reverse trends can be observed for the depth below 8 m. Finally, the results presented in this study reflected that fundamental researches on determination of sampling quality (SQD), drained and undrained soil shear strength and modulus are still in a great need for Jakarta clay because these input properties have great influences on the predicted wall performance in finite element analyses.

Abstract i
Acknowledgment iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures v
List of Tables viii
List of Symbols and Abbreviations xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Motivation 1
1.2 Research Objectives 4
1.3 Thesis Outline 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Characteristic of Wall Deformation and Ground Settlement Induced by Excavation 7
2.2.1 Wall Deformation 8
2.2.2 Ground Surface Settlement 10
2.3 Three-dimensional Excavation Behavior 11
2.4 Wall Deflection Path and Reference Envelope 12
2.5 Overview of Soil Constitutive Models 13
2.5.1 Mohr-Coulomb Model 13
2.5.2 Hardening Soil Model 14
2.5.3 Undrained Type Material in Plaxis 15
Chapter 3 Jakarta MRT System 17
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Deep Excavation of Jakarta MRT CP106 18
3.3 Correction of Inclinometer Readings 21
Chapter 4 Site Exploration and Characterization of Jakarta MRT Project 34
4.1 Introduction 34
4.2 Literature Review on Geotechnical Characteristics of Jakarta Soil 34
4.2.1 Topography Setting 34
4.2.2 Structural Geology of Jakarta Basin 35
4.2.3 Ground Condition in Central Jakarta 39
4.2.4 Geotechnical Problems in Jakarta 42
4.3 Subsurface Exploration 45
4.3.1 Stratigraphic Profile 45
4.3.2 Observed Groundwater Table 48
4.3.3 Standard Penetration Test (SPT-N) 50
4.3.4 Cone Standard Penetration Test (CPT) 52
4.4 Laboratory Test 54
4.4.1 Index Properties 54
4.4.2 Compressibility 56
4.4.3 Permeability and Hydraulic Conductivity 58
4.4.4 Undrained Shear Strength Parameters 60
4.4.5 Effective Strength Parameters 62
4.4.6 Soil Modulus 63
4.5 Evaluation of sample disturbance 66
4.6 Summary of Soil Parameters 69
Chapter 5 Finite Element Analyses 70
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Input Parameters 70
5.2.1 Soil Parameters 70
5.2.2 Structure Parameters 72
5.2.3 Slabs 73
5.3 Benchmark Analyses 74
5.3.1 Geometry Model and Computational Sequences 74
5.3.2 Output from Benchmark Analysis 75
5.4 Full-scale Model Analyses 79
5.4.1 Geometry Model and Computational Sequences 79
5.4.2 Output from Full-scale Model Analysis 81
Chapter 6 Evaluation the Performance of Diaphragm Wall 87
6.1 Influence of Drained and Undrained Soil Shear Strength 87
6.2 Comparison of Wall Deformation with Inclinometer Readings 88
6.3 Corner Effect Study 91
6.4 Wall Deflection Paths and Reference Envelopes 97
Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 100
7.1 Summary of Research Objectives 100
7.2 Conclusions 100
7.2.1 Ground Conditions in Jakarta 100
7.2.2 Finite Element Analysis 102
7.2.3 The Performance of Diaphragm Wall 103
7.3 Recommendation for Future Works 104
Appendix 105
References 113

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