臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究首先設置實體太陽能光電模組(Photovoltaic Module, PV)，可量測電功率，並根據電功率求出發電效率; 再設置實體太陽能光電熱能複合模組(Photovoltaic and Thermal Composite Module, PV/T)，可量測電功率及平均水溫，並根據電功率及平均水溫求出發電效率及日平均儲熱效率。
依據PV及PV/T運作時產生的熱傳遞機制，以熱能量守恆定律、總容量法結合Simulink軟體工具，建立PV及PV/T動態模型。對於太陽能光電模組：輸入環境因素(溫度、風速、日照量)，預測模組內各層結構動態(隨時間變化)溫度，依據太陽能電池溫度，可得動態發電效率、電功率；對於太陽能光電熱能複合模組：輸入環境因素(環境溫度、風速、日照量)，可預測模組內各層結構動態(隨時間變化)溫度，依太陽能電池溫度及平均水溫可得動態發電效率、電功率及日平均儲熱效率。本研究以實體模組驗證模型之準確，並以設置地點環境因素，設計PV及PV/T的最佳結構及最佳輸出性能。
PV/T動態模型與實體驗證顯示：發電效率及電功率誤差小於2.5%、日平均儲熱效率誤差小於1.3%；PV動態模型與實體驗證顯示：發電效率及電功率誤差小於1.3%。證實本研究建立PV及PV/T動態模型可依地點環境因素，準確預測PV及PV/T輸出性能。
本研究利用建立動態模型改善實體太陽能模組輸出性能。PV/T如改善質量流率，發電效率及電功率增加1.397%、日平均儲熱效率增加62.742%；而PV背板材料如使用熱傳導係數較高的玻璃取代傳統熱傳導係數較低的氟化乙烯聚酯共聚物(Tedlar-Polyester-Tedlar, TPT)，發電效率及電功率增加2.353%，有效改善太陽能模組輸出性能。
本研究將發電/儲熱效率轉換為能源節約效率，結果顯示PV/T能源節約效率較PV高14.127%，裝設PV/T可有效發揮太陽能效能。

An entitative Photovoltaic Module (PV) is set up for measuring the electric power, and the generating electric efficiency is calculated according to the electric power. An entitative Photovoltaic and Thermal Composite Module (PV/T) is set up for measuring the electric power and average water temperature, and the generating electric efficiency and daily average heat storage efficiency are calculated according to the electric power and average water temperature.
According to the heat transfer mechanism generated during the operation of two solar modules, law of conservation of energy and lumped capacitance method are combined with Simulink software tool to establish the dynamic model of two solar modules.
For PV: environmental factors (temperature, wind speed, solar radiation) are inputted, the dynamic (time-varying) temperature of various layers inside module can be predicted, according to the solar cell temperature,the dynamic electric power and electric efficiency can be obtained.
For PV/T: environmental factors (temperature, wind speed, solar radiation) are inputted, the dynamic (time-varying) temperature of various layers inside module can be predicted, according to solar cell temperature and water temperature change, the dynamic electric power, electric efficiency and daily average heat storage efficiency can be obtained.
This study uses entity module to validate the accuracy of model, and uses the environmental factors of mounting site to design the optimum structure and optimum output performance of two solar modules.
The PV/T dynamic model and entity validation show that electric power and electric efficiency errors are smaller than 2.5%, daily average heat storage efficiency error is smaller than 1.3%. PV shows that electric power and electric efficiency errors are smaller than 1.3%. It is proved that the two dynamic models established in this study can predict the output performance of two solar modules accurately according to the environmental factors of the site.
This study uses the established dynamic model to improve the output performance of entity solar module. When the water flow rate is improved for PV/T, electric power and electric efficiency are increased by 1.397%, daily average heat storage efficiency is increased by 62.742%. The PV backsheet is made of glass with higher thermal conductivity to replace traditional Tedlar-polyester-Tedlar (TPT), electric power and electric efficiency are increased by 2.353%, the output performance of solar module is improved effectively.
In this study, electric efficiency and daily average heat storage efficiency are converted into energy saving efficiency, PV/T is higher than PV by 14.127%, installing PV/T can perform the solar energy effectiveness effectively.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
致謝 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIII
符號表 XVIII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 2
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 PV/T 3
1.2.2 PV及PV/T動態模型 6
1.3 研究規劃與目的 8
1.4 論文架構及研究流程圖 9
第2章 PV及PV/T介紹 12
2.1 PV及PV/T介紹 12
2.1.1 PV介紹 12
2.1.1.1 玻璃蓋板 13
2.1.1.2 乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物膠膜 13
2.1.1.3 TPT背板 14
2.1.1.4 太陽能電池 14
2.1.2 PV性能介紹 15
2.1.3 PV/T介紹 16
2.1.3.1 集熱板 17
2.1.3.2 集熱管 18
2.1.3.3 隔熱層 18
2.1.4 PV/T性能介紹 18
2.2 Simulink軟體介紹 19
第3章 研究方法及理論 22
3.1 熱傳遞分析 22
3.1.1 熱傳導機制 23
3.1.2 熱對流機制 24
3.1.3 熱輻射機制 24
3.1.3.1 長波長熱輻射 25
3.1.3.2 短波長熱輻射 26
3.1.4 總容量法 26
3.2 熱模型與電路迴路等效轉換 27
第4章 實驗規劃步驟 30
4.1 PV/T動態模型建立 30
4.1.1 熱傳遞機制分析 31
4.1.2 假設條件建立 32
4.1.3 熱模型建立 33
4.1.4 熱模型與電路之等效轉換 34
4.1.5 聯立微分方程式建立 45
4.2 實體PV/T建立 45
4.3 PV動態模型建立 47
4.4 實體PV建立 59
第5章 實驗結果 61
5.1 PV/T動態模型模擬結果與驗證 61
5.1.1 秋季模擬結果與驗證 61
5.1.2 冬季模擬結果與驗證 69
5.1.3 春季模擬結果與驗證 76
5.1.4 夏季模擬結果與驗證 84
5.1.5 PV/T動態模型創新性 92
5.2 改良PV/T模組 95
5.3 PV動態模型模擬結果 100
5.3.1 模擬結果與驗證 100
5.3.2 四季模擬結果 104
5.3.3 PV動態模型創新性 111
5.4 改良PV模組 116
5.5 效益分析 118
5.5.1 電能性能評估 118
5.5.2 能源節能效率評估 121
5.5.3 回收年限、效益及佔地面積分析 123
第6章 結論 126
參考文獻 128
 

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