臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著加工製成技術的進步，相對的大型機台的組裝誤差分析與檢測方法也更加的重要，特別是大型機台的組裝校正受限於傳統的直角規的長度與精度影響。對於直度、垂直度及平行度之校驗一般可以使用電子水平儀(Electrical levels)、雷射干涉儀(Laser interferometers)與準直儀(Collimators)等設備進行測量。本研究針對使用準直雷射，配合四象限位置感測器(Quadrant Detector，簡稱QD)為訊號來源，研究與開發應用於工具機精密量測之無線資料擷取與直度量測分析的嵌入式系統設計。
其中，本系統涵蓋並實現四個設計部分。首先，是類比訊號處理：讀取QD輸出的類比訊號，利用運算放大器(Operational Amplifier，簡稱OPA)將輸出的類比訊號轉換與放大。此外，再利用SPI介面的類比數位轉換器(Analog-to-digital converter ，簡稱ADC)將其轉換成數位訊號。第二，為數位資料計算與分析處理：本系統採用NXP公司所推出的K60系列晶片作為主控晶片，其中包括SPI的資料讀取、直度量測與分析處理、SD卡資料儲存、無線Wi-Fi傳輸模組與LCD顯示模組等功能。而為了增加日後開發者與使用者韌體更新的方便性。本系統還加上了Bootloader的研究。第三，則為電腦端資料收發裝置：使用K60系列晶片控制Cypress公司所推出的EZ-USB FX2 USB晶片組，利用USB介面與電腦端的程式做溝通。
最後，為了提供各種操作環境的需求，設計出可分為電腦及手持裝置兩種應用程式的直度檢測使用者顯示介面。其中，針對低資料傳輸率的手持裝置使用Android系統，讀取TCP/IP的Socket封包。而針對高資料傳輸率的電腦應用程式，利用WinDriver軟體開發Windows與Linux使用的USB驅動程式，使電腦可利用無線Wi-Fi傳輸模組結合USB介面讀取電腦端大量資料收發裝置的資料。
而透過此系統的研究開發，不僅可以提供業界進行精密機台性能檢測的應用外，更可以加強工具機精密量測的技術升級，以及協助相關產業的發展。未來還可根據產業的趨勢，再增加垂直度與平行度的檢測。

With the advance of science and technology, the inspection and error analysis methods of the mainframe platforms are more important than before. In particular, the correction method of assembly mainframe platform is limited by the traditional length and precision of the right angle specification. Normally, those electrical levels, laser interferometers and collimators are utilized to perform verification or inspection of straightness, squareness and parallelism.
The most commonly laser collimator is applied in this study that is for verification or inspection of mainframe platform in industry. Additionally, the Quadrant Detector (QD) is utilized as the source of signal, and display the result of embedded system and signal analysis to Android mobile device.
This system implements four parts. The first part is analog signal processing .It reads analog signal from QD, then translate and amplificate analog signal from output by OPA. It also uses ADC converter of SPI for translating the analog signal to digital signal. The second part is digital computing and analysis. This system uses K60 MCU (NXP Inc.). The K60 MCU has functionalities like SPI access, straightness measurement and analysis, SD card access, Wi-Fi module, LCD module and so on. This part also does Bootloader''s research for the convenience of updating firmware. The third part is a dongle based on PC. It uses K60 to control EZ-USB FX2 USB (Cypress Inc.), and communicates with PC program by USB. The Final part is UI for straightness testing. For various environments, this system provides android mobile app and PC app. In android mobile app, it reads packet from socket of TCP/IP. In PC app, it uses WinDriver to develop Windows and Linux USB driver for reading a alrge of data from PC dongle.
By this research of precise machine tools measurement of wireless data capture and straightness measurements on intelligence embedded system, the system can provide industry an application of precise inspection in mainframe platform that can upgrade the skill of precise machine tools measurement and help the development of relative business. In the future, the inspection of squareness and parallelism will be combined this study.

摘要...............................i
Abstract...............................ii
誌謝...............................iii
目錄...............................iv
表目錄...............................viii
圖目錄...............................x
第一章 緒論...............................1
1.1 研究背景與動機...............................1
1.2 研究目的...............................2
1.3 國內外相關之研究情況...............................3
1.4 相關產品...............................3
1.5 論文章節概述...............................4
第二章 系統原理...............................5
2.1 直度分析與量測...............................5
2.1.1 直度誤差分析...............................5
2.1.2 最小平方和法(Least square method)評估直度...............................6
2.2 四象限位置感測器(Position Sensing Detector)介紹...............................7
2.3 無線傳輸模組(USR-WIFI232)介紹...............................9
2.3.1 UART通訊協定...............................9
2.3.2 USR-WIFI232的介紹...............................10
2.4 USB通訊協定...............................13
2.4.1 USB匯流排架構...............................13
2.4.2 USB通訊概念...............................15
2.4.3 USB傳輸類型...............................16
2.4.4 USB3.0概述...............................20
2.5 Cypress EZ-USB FX2...............................21
2.5.1 EZ-USB FX2晶片特性...............................21
2.5.2 EZ-USB FX2架構...............................22
第三章 系統設計...............................24
3.1 類比訊號處理...............................25
3.1.1 訊號轉換與放大...............................25
3.1.2 類比與數位轉換器...............................27
3.2 數位資料計算與分析處理...............................30
3.2.1 直度量測資料計算...............................30
3.2.2 SD卡資料儲存...............................33
3.2.3 無線傳輸模組(USR-WIFI232)...............................36
3.2.4 LCD顯示模組...............................38
3.2.5 Bootloader...............................41
3.3 電腦端資料收發裝置...............................47
3.4 直度檢測使用者顯示介面...............................50
3.4.1 Android應用程式設計...............................51
3.4.2 電腦應用程式(Windows系統)...............................55
3.4.3電腦應用程式(Linuxs系統)...............................57
第四章 系統驗證...............................61
4.1 直度量測系統實驗測試...............................61
4.2 實驗結果數據分析...............................69
4.3 直度量測實驗結果...............................83
第五章 結論與未來展望...............................87
5.1 結論...............................87
5.2 未來展望...............................87
參考文獻...............................89
Extended Abstract...............................91
Abstract...............................91
簡歷...............................97

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