卡爾巴特被認為是二十世紀中最傑出的神學家。巴特的傑出是因為他帶給基督教會承先啟後的貢獻。透過強調聖經中「神的啟示」，巴特一方面扭轉了三個世紀以來基督教神學的方向，帶領基督教教會歸回到以宣揚基督為中心的福音使命之上；另一方面，巴特的神學也深深地影響到許多當代的神學大師，促使基督教對於在教會以外的社會有很多正面的影響。

巴特在1919年發行的《〈羅馬書〉釋義》初版，震撼了當時歐洲的神學界，被比喻為是「投入神學家園地的一枚炸彈」之劃時代的著作。不過，在1921年被重寫的《〈羅馬書〉釋義》二版，才是他真正影響基督教神學界深遠的成名作，也是巴特神學的奠基之作。巴特神學因此被稱為「辯證神學」和「危機神學」。

本論文聚焦於巴特的《〈羅馬書〉釋義》二版中之九至十一章來反思他對教會的批判。透過巴特論述的主題：教會為什麼遭到災難？教會有什麼罪責？罪責為什麼是教會對神認識的危機？和教會在災難中的希望是什麼？巴特在這三章裡呈現了以基督為中心的教會觀。

盼望藉著本論文，能引起華人教會對巴特神學的研究興趣，從而能聽見神藉著祂的僕人巴特要對每個教會所說的話，使得教會能被聖靈更新，有能力在這末世作基督耶穌的見證。

Karl Barth (1886-1968) is considered to be the twentieth century’s most prominent theologian. Barth is outstanding because his contributions to the Christianity for carrying on the past heritage and opening up the future opportunities. Through emphasizing “the Revelation of God” in the Bible, on the one hand Barth reversed the direction of Christian theology three centuries before his time, led Christian churches to return back to the mission of preaching the Christ-centered gospel; on the other hand, Barth’s theology also deeply affected many great theologians in his contemporary, which also generated many positive impacts on Christianity and further influenced the societies outside of the church.

In 1919, Barth published “The Epistle to the Romans” first edition. The book shocked the European theologians, and was likened to “a bombshell thrown into the playground of the theologians.” It was recognized as an epoch-making works. However, in 1921, Barth totally rewrote “The Epistle to the Romans” for its second edition. This book made Barth really famous and had far-reaching influence on Christian theology. It also served as the foundation work of the Barth’s theology. Since the publication of this book, Barth’s theology was known as “dialectical theology” and “crisis theology.”

This thesis is to focus on the chapters 9-11 in “The Epistle to the Romans” to reflect the criticism given by Barth to churches. Through the themes which Barth had discussed: why churches encounter catastrophes? Subsequently, what are the guilt churches commit? Why the guilt of the church is the crisis of knowledge of God? And what is the hope of the church amid her tribulation? In these three chapters, Barth presented his Christological ecclesiology.

Hopefully, through this thesis, research interests on Barth’s theology can be aroused among Chinese churches. So every individual church can hear the Word of God through His servant Karl Barth. Let churches be renewed by Holy Spirit, and be strengthened to witness for Jesus Christ in this eschaton.

目次
審定書 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
序言 vi
目次 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
壹 研究動機 1
貳 研究目的 4
第二節 巴特神學的重要性 5
第三節 研究範圍與限制 7
壹 研究範圍 7
貳 研究限制 9
第四節 研究方法與步驟 9
壹 研究方法 9
貳 研究步驟 10
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 《〈羅馬書〉釋義》的簡介 11
壹 《〈羅馬書〉釋義》的寫作前言和結構 11
貳 《〈羅馬書〉釋義》九至十一章的簡論 16
第二節 對〈羅馬書〉九至十一章的近期研究 18
壹 與教會論有關的近期研究 18
貳 與猶太人族群有關的近期研究 20
第三章 教會的災難和罪責 24
第一節 教會的災難──與福音對立 25
壹 團結 25
貳 雅各的神 29
參 以掃的神 32
第二節 教會的罪責──認識的危機 34
第三節 教會的暗境──不悔改就光 37
第四節 小結 40
第四章 教會的希望 42
第一節 同樣的一位神──是忿怒也是憐憫的神 42
第二節 給局外人的話──要謙卑順服神的作為 45
第三節 給教會的目標──認識神自己就是希望 48
第四節 小結 52
第五章 結論 54
參考書目 58
中文 58
英文 60

參考書目
中文
巴特著作
巴特（Barth, Karl）。《〈羅馬書〉釋義》。魏育青譯。歷代基督教思想學術文庫。現代系列210。香港：道風書社，2003。


關於巴特的專書及文章
吳國安。《巴特神學中的啟示與歷史（1910－1939）》。中壢：中原大學碩士論文，2006。
張旭。《卡爾•巴特神學研究》。上海：上海人民出版社，2005。
陳維進。《羅馬書9-11章看保羅的族群與救恩觀》。神學碩士論文。台北：台灣神學院，2011。
奧爾森（Olson, Roger. E.）。《神學的故事》。吳瑞誠、徐成德譯。台北：校園出版社，2002。
龔漢斯（Küng, Hans）。《基督教大思想家》。歷代基督教思想學術文庫。包利民譯。香港：漢語基督教文化研究所，1995。
劉小楓。《走向十字架上的真》。上海：華東師範大學出版社，2011。
鄧紹光、賴品超編。《巴特與漢語神學》。香港：漢語基督教文化研究所，2000。
歐力仁、鄧紹光編。《巴特與漢語神學II：巴特逝世四十周年紀念文集》。漢語基督教文化研究所叢刊。香港：道風書社，2008。
歐力仁。《信仰的類比：巴特神學與詮釋學中的修正與巔覆》。香港：文字事務出版社，2004。
楊慶球。《二十世紀神學選讀》。香港：天道書樓，2010。
穆爾（Moo, Douglas J.）。《羅馬書》。陳志文譯。South Pasadena, CA：美國麥種傳道會，2012。
期刊
周學信。〈卡爾  巴特 二十世紀神學界的巨人〉。《校園月刊》第34卷（1996）：41-5。

英文
巴特著作
Barth, Karl. Church Dogmatics, Volume II: The Doctrine of God, Part 1, Edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, translated by T. H. L. Parker, W. B. Johnson, Harold Knight and L. J. M. Haire. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
———. Church Dogmatics, Volume II: The Doctrine of God, Part 2, Edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, translated by G. W. Bromiley, J. C. Campbell, Iain Wilson, J. S. McNab, Harold Knight and R. A. Stewart. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
———. Church Dogmatics, Volume III: The Doctrine of Creation, Part 3, ed. G. W. Bromiley and R. J. Ehrlich. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
———. Church Dogmatics, Volume IV: The Doctrine of Reconciliation, Part 1, Edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, translated by G. W. Bromiley. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
———. Dogmatics in Outline. NY: Harper Perennial, 1959.
———. The Epistle to the Romans. Translated by Edwyn C. Hoskyns, 6th ed. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.


關於巴特的專書及文章
Anderson, Clifford B., and Bruce L. McCormack, eds. Karl Barth and the Making of Evangelical Theology: A Fifty-Year Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2015.
Balthasar, Hans Urs Von. The Theology of Karl Barth. 3rd edition. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1992.
Barth, Karl, and David Haddorff. Community, State, and Church: Three Essays by Karl Barth with a New Introduction by David Haddorff. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2004.
Barth, Karl, and T. F. Torrance. Theology and Church: Shorter Writings 1920-1928. Translated by Louise P. Smith. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 1962.
Bender, Kimlyn J. Karl Barth’s Christological Ecclesiology. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2005.
Burnett, Richard, ed. The Westminster Handbook to Karl Barth. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2013.
Busch, Eberhard. Karl Barth: His Life from Letters and Autobiographical Texts. Translated by John Bowden. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing, 1994.
Busch, Eberhard, and Donald W. Dayton. Karl Barth & the Pietists: The Young Karl Barth’s Critique of Pietism and Its Response. Translated by Daniel W. Bloesch. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2004.
Chung, Paul S. Karl Barth: Gods Word in Action. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2008.
Demson, David E. Hans Frei & Karl Barth: Different Ways of Reading Scripture. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2012.
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov - Special Edition, n.d.
Frei, Hans W. Types of Christian Theology. ed. George Hunsinger and William C. Placher. Revised edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.
Gunton, Colin E. The Barth Lectures. Edited and translated by P. H. Brazier. NY: T&T Clark, 2007.
Gunton, Colin E. Revelation and Reason: Prolegomena to Systematic Theology. Edited by P. H. Brazier. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2009.
Herberg, Will. Community, State and Church: Three Essays by Karl Barth. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday & Co., 1960.
Hunsinger, George. How to Read Karl Barth: The Shape of His Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Hunsinger, George. Disruptive Grace: Studies in the Theology of Karl Barth. Revised edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001.
Jenson, Robert W. God after God: The God of the Past and the God of the Future, Seen in the Work of Karl Barth, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2010.
Johnson, Keith L. “The Being and Act of the Church: Barth and the Future of Evangelical Ecclesiology,” In Karl Barth and American Evangelicalism. Edited by Bruce L. McCormack and Clifford B. Anderson. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2011.
Long, Stephen D. Saving Karl Barth: Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Preoccupation. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2014.
Mangina, Joseph L. Karl Barth: Theologian of Christian Witness. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
McCormack, Bruce L. Karl Barth’s Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology: Its Genesis and Development 1909-1936. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
McMaken, W. Travis, and David W. Congdon, eds. Karl Barth in Conversation. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2014.
Norwood, Donald W., and Baroness Helena Kennedy. Reforming Rome: Karl Barth and Vatican II. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2015.
Oakes, Kenneth. Reading Karl Barth: A Companion to Karl Barth’s Epistle to the Romans. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2011.
Patte, Daniel, and Eugene TeSelle, eds. Engaging Augustine on Romans: Self, Context, and Theology in Interpretation. Harrisburg, PA: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2003.
Sonderegger, Katherine. That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew: Karl Barth’s “Doctrine of Israel.” University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1992.
Stout, Tracey Mark. A Fellowship of Baptism. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2010.
Tseng, Shao Kai, and George Hunsinger. Karl Barth’s Infralapsarian Theology: Origins and Development, 1920-1953. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016.
Webster, John ed. The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Webster, John. Karl Barth. 2nd ed. NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2004.
Winn, Christian T. Collins. Jesus Is Victor!: The Significance of the Blumhardts for the Theology of Karl Barth. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2009.


期刊
Healey, Nicholas M. “The Logic of Karl Barth’s Ecclesiology: Analysis, Assessment and Proposed Modifications.” Modern Theology 10:3 (July, 1994): 253-270.
P. H. Brazier, “Karl Barth: Supersessionism and Israel, Yeshua and God’s Election – a Dialectical Balance?” The Evangelical Review of Theology and Politics 3 (2015): 15-33.
Paddison, Angus. “Karl Barth’s Theological Exegesis of Romans 9-11 in the Light of Jewish-Christian Understanding.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 28, no. 4 (2006): 469-88.


網際網路文章
Houtz, Wyatt. “Karl Barth’s Letter in response to Cornelius Van Til’s questions.” in PostBarthian, http://postbarthian.com/2014/04/29/karl-barths-letter-in-response-to-cornelius-van-tils-questions/ (accessed May 30, 2016)