臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在於將具有良好生物相容性但不易單成分熔融紡絲之不同乙烯含量32(EV-32)、38(EV-38)及44(EV-44) mol%之聚乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH)進行可紡性評估，並將紡絲所得到的原絲進行延伸加工及物性分析。NMR分析結果顯示EV-32、EV-38和 EV-44其乙烯含量分別為39、45及50 mol %，ethylene/vinyl alcohol ratio分別為0.64、0.82及1.00。熔點(Tm)與結晶度(Xc)隨乙烯含量的降低而提高，熔點(Tm)與結晶度(Xc)分為EV-32 (178.9℃, 46.6 %) > EV-38 (171.9℃, 41.8 %) > EV-44 (166.0℃, 40.0 %)。熱穩定性能，依序為EV-32 < EV-38 < EV-44。在相同的溫度及剪切速率下，其黏度為EV-32＞EV-38＞EV-44，EV-44黏流活化能ΔEa遠高於EV-32及EV-38，顯示EV-44對溫度敏感性較強，此外，EV-32、EV-38和 EV-44原絲之拉伸強度及伸度分別為91.6 (205.2 %)、87.4 (202.0 %)和95.9 MPa (180.2 %)。EV-32、EV-38和 EV-44紡絲溫度分別為245、255及265℃，因EV-32紡絲溫度已超過其裂解溫度258℃，故EV-32之可紡性最差。
將EV-32、EV-38和 EV-44之原絲進行延伸溫度最佳化評估，並利用最佳延伸溫度及不同延伸倍率條件下之延伸絲進行相關分析。實驗結果顯示，延伸絲之線上延伸應力隨延伸溫度的升高而變小，在同一延伸溫度下，線上延伸應力隨著乙烯含量增加而提高。在延伸倍率2.0下，延伸絲在延伸溫度80℃時可獲得最佳之物性，在同一延伸溫度時，延伸強度因乙烯含量增加而提高。隨著延伸倍率的增加，纖維線上延伸應力、雙折射率、強度及初始模量相對提高，而Tg及伸度則呈現下降趨勢，Tm則不受影響。其中，在同一延伸倍率下，纖維之線上延伸應力、雙折射率、強度及初始模量隨著乙烯含量增加而提高，而結晶度及Tg則隨著乙烯含量增加而降低。在拉伸力50及100 MPa時，纖維蠕變應變率並未隨著拉伸力的提高而明顯上升，當拉伸力提高至150 MPa時，EV-32、EV-38延伸絲蠕變應變率隨拉伸時間呈現線性增加的趨勢，而EV-44蠕變應變率則僅有微幅增加。在應力鬆弛實驗中，當拉伸率增加時，初始應力也隨之提高，在同一拉伸率下，延伸絲之初始應力及應力鬆弛時間(τ)之大小順序為EV-44
>EV-38>EV-32，顯示EV-44延伸絲受到拉伸時較不易產生變形。隨著拉伸率的增加，延伸絲之彈性回復率也隨之下降。延伸絲之熱水收縮率隨著水浴溫度的升高而增加，在同一熱水溫度下，EV-44耐熱水性是三者之中最佳的。

This study investigates melt spinnability of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers with various ethylene contents, which exhibit excellent biocompatibility but cannot easily undergo single-component fiber spinning. The chemical, thermal and rheological properties of EVOH were examined herein. Three EVOH copolymers, EV-32, 38, and 44, with different ratios of ethylene to vinyl alcohol (EV ratio), were used to evaluate the influence of the ratio on melt spinnability. The EV ratios of EV-32, EV-38, and EV-44 examined by NMR were 0.64, 0.82 and 1.0, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the melting temperature (Tm) and crystallinity (Xc) of EVOH decreased in the order, EV-32 (178.9℃, 46.6 %) > EV-38 (171.9℃, 41.8 %) > EV-44 (166.0℃, 40.0 %). The thermal stability, however, increases in the order EV-32 < EV-38 < EV-44. The viscosity decreases in the order EV-32 > EV-38 > EV-44. EV-44 has much higher flow activation energy than EV-32 and EV-38, indicating that it has a temperature sensitivity higher than EV-32 and EV-38. The pellets of EV-32, EV-38 and EV-44 were melt spun. Three as-spun fibers, EV-32, EV-38 and EV-44 have tensile stresses (strain (%) at breaking point) of 91.6 (205.2 %), 87.4 (202.0 %), and 95.9 MPa (180.2 %), respectively. Most importantly, EV-44 can easily be spun at relatively low temperature, 245℃, while the other two, EV-38 and EV-32, can hardly be made on condition that the spinning temperature is higher than 255 and 265℃, respectively. Notably, once the spinning temperature of EVOH polymers was higher than 258℃, the degradation of VA segments would cause fuming and broken filaments to eventually terminate the entire spinning process.
This study investigates the effect of drawing process of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) fibers on their physical properties. Three different ethylene contents, namely EV-32, EV-38 and EV-44, were used where the ethylene content has the order of EV-44 > EV-38 > EV-32. The result indicates that at the same drawing temperature and draw ratio, the online drawing stress of the fiber with high ethylene content is higher than that with low ethylene content. Moreover, the drawn EVOH fiber, at the drawing temperature of 80℃and the draw ratio of 2.0, exhibits an optimal mechanical property. As the draw ratio increases, the online drawing stress, birefringence and initial modulus increase without surprising. Notably, unlike typical polymeric fibers, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the drawn EVOH fibers decreases with the draw ratio due to more water being absorbed by thinner fibers within the same amount of samples. The draw ratio was found to have little effect on the melting temperature (Tm). At the same draw ratio, the online drawing stress, birefringence, stress and initial modulus of the fiber EV-44, which has the highest ethylene content, is higher than those of EV-32 and EV-38. The creep strain of the drawn fibers EV-32, EV-38 linearly increase with the drawing time when the applied stress maintains constant, 150 MPa, while insignificant increase is observed for EV-44, suggesting that EV-44 is difficult to deform and has higher size stability. In the stress relaxation test, the elongation increases with the initial stress. At the same elongation %, the initial stress of the drawn fibers has the following trend: EV-44 > EV-38 > EV-32 and the stress relaxation time (τ) has the following trend: EV-44 > EV-38 > EV-32, indicating again that EV-44 is relatively difficult to deform during drawing. As the elongation is increased, the elastic recovery of the drawn fiber is decreased. In the hot water shrinkage experiment indicates that the hot water resistance of EV-44 is the best among the three fibers.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 前言 1
第二章 研究動機與方法 17
第三章 實驗 18
3.1 實驗材料 18
3.2 實驗儀器 18
3.3 實驗方法 19
3.3.1 FTIR之測量 19
3.3.2 凝膠滲透層析儀(Gel Permeation Chromatography, GPC)之分子量測量 19
3.3.3 NMR分析羥基/乙烯基比值(OH/ethylene ratio) 20
3.3.4 微分掃描熱卡計(DSC)測量 21
3.3.5 TGA測量 21
3.3.6 原料之結晶與乾燥 21
3.3.7 含水率的測量 23
3.3.8 MI測量 25
3.3.9 流變性質測量 26
3.3.10 熔融紡絲加工 27
3.3.11 纖維延伸加工及線上延伸應力測量 30
3.3.12 纖維強伸度測量 34
3.3.13 電子顯微鏡(SEM)測量纖維直徑 34
3.3.14 纖維蠕變測量 35
3.3.15 纖維應力鬆弛測量 36
3.3.16 纖維雙折射率的測定 37
3.3.17 纖維回潮率的測量 40
3.3.18 纖維彈性回復率的測量 40
3.3.19 纖維熱水收縮率(Hot water shrinkage)的測量 41
第四章 結果與討論 43
4.1 EVOH原料之FTIR分析 43
4.2 EVOH原料之GPC測量 43
4.3 EVOH原料之1H NMR分析 44
4.4 EVOH原料之DSC測量 46
4.5 EVOH原料之熱穩定性測量(非等溫TGA) 48
4.6 EVOH原料之熱穩定性測量(等溫TGA) 49
4.7 EVOH原料之MI測量 49
4.8 EVOH原料之熔融粘度測量 51
4.9 EVOH原料之非牛頓指數分析 53
4.10 EVOH原料之黏流活化能分析 54
4.11 EVOH原絲回潮率測量 57
4.12 EVOH原絲物性測量及可紡性評估 57
4.12 EVOH原絲之最佳化延伸溫度評估 59
4.13 EVOH原絲之延伸加工實驗 60
4.14 EVOH延伸絲之蠕變分析 69
4.15 EVOH纖維之應力鬆弛分析 71
4.16 EVOH纖維之彈性回復率測量 74
4.17 EVOH纖維之熱水收縮率測量 76
結論 79
參考文獻 81

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