臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

造成肌肉骨骼危害的主要因素包括姿勢、施力、重複性等因子，當代廣被接受及使用的人因評估工具必然需要考量這些因子對作業人員造成的影響。然而，施力的大小往往無法由肉眼觀察獲得，施力的實際負荷大小也會因工作者的體型、性別、年齡及穿戴手套等因素之影響而不同，因此，有些上肢肌肉骨骼危害風險評估工具採用工作者的主觀感受(例如OCRA、HAL-TLV、KIM-MHO)或利用儀器測量(OCRA、HAL-TLV、EAWS)來決定施力大小的風險。
使用主觀感受來決定工作者的施力負荷固然方便，但缺乏經驗的評估人員往往難以判定主觀感受的合理性。若採用測量的方式來評估施力，目前市售僅有像握力計、指夾力計、拉/壓力計等單一功能的測量設備，對於作業人員複雜繁多的施力行為，尚無一款多功能設計，能依實際作業施力情形彈性調整其測量及記錄功能，以更合理的方式評估施力負荷。
本研究針對人因上肢危害評估工具(OCRA、KIM-MHO、EAWS4等)的施力評估需求，開發一款多功能的力量測量裝置。該裝置搭配不同配件可進行推、拉、握、指夾力等量測，透過內建的藍牙介面，可用行動裝置或個人電腦於作業現場進行施力資料之蒐集，事後再使用開發之軟體進行分析，分析所得之相關參數可作為使用人因上肢危害評估工具之參考。

Musculoskeletal hazards are mainly caused by risk factors of awkward posture, forceful exertion, high repetitive movement, etc... Widely accepted ergonomics assessment tools consider the impact of these factors on workers’ health. However, workers’ exertion force cant be visualized, and is usually affected by factors such as body size, gender, age, glove use and many other factors. Therefore, some risk assessment tools for upper extremity musculoskeletal hazard recommend adopting workers subjective feelings (e.g. OCRA, HAL-TLV, KIM-MHO) or conducting measurement (OCRA, HAL-TLV, EAWS) to determine the force level.
Using subjective evaluation, like Borgs RPE, to determine workers exertion level certainly has its convenience. However, inexperienced investigators often feel difficult to judge the reasonableness of subjective feelings. Furthermore, most commercially available force measurement devices such as grip / pinch gauges or pull / push force devices are with only single or limited functions. We do not notice any universal device with portability that can be adjusted and tailored to measure various force exertions in actual work situation.
The research develops a multi-function system for assessing working force to accommodate the use of upper extremity hazard assessment tools (e.g. OCRA, HAL-TLV, KIM-MHO, EAWS). Combined with various accessories, the system can measure pushing, pulling, gripping, and pinch force data on job sites by mobile devices or a personal computer with Bluetooth. Collected data are analyzed afterward by using analysis software developed in this research.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌 謝 v
目 錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究架構 3
第二章　文獻探討 5
2.1 肌肉骨骼危害 5
2.1.1重複性上肢肌肉骨骼疾病 5
2.1.2肌肉骨骼疾病的流行病學數據與衝擊 5
2.1.3肌肉骨骼傷害研究方法 6
2.2 上肢危害評估工具 7
2.2.1 OCRA Index 7
2.2.2 HAL-TLV 9
2.2.3 KIM-MHO 12
2.2.4 EAWS 15
2.3手工具設計 17
第三章　研究方法 18
3.1研究流程 18
3.2施力類型及計測數據收集 19
3.2.1推力(Push)與拉力(Pull) 20
3.2.2握力(Grip) 23
3.2.3指夾力(Pinch) 23
3.3市售可攜式施力裝置資料收集 25
3.3.1握力計 26
3.3.2拉力/壓力計 26
3.3.3指夾力計 27
3.4力量測量需求分析 28
3.5施力量測裝置設計規劃 30
3.5.1本體結構設計與荷重元件選擇 30
3.5.2可置換配件及連接器設計 30
3.5.3荷重元訊號放大與傳輸模組設計 30
3.5.4資料收集紀錄軟體之撰寫 31
3.6開發分析軟體 31
第四章　結果 32
4.1本體結構設計與荷重元選擇 32
4.2置換配件及連接器設計 37
4.2.1推/拉與指/掌壓力計 38
4.2.2握力計 39
4.2.3指夾力與握柄施力計 40
4.3荷重元訊號放大與傳輸模組設計 41
4.4開發資料收集記錄軟體 45
4.5開發資料分析軟體 46
第五章　討論 48
5.1裝置本體 48
5.2連接器及配件 49
5.3軟體 51
5.4應用範例 52
5.5未來應用 54
第六章　結論 56
參考文獻 57

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