臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主旨在製作一光學補償機構以降低電子式內視鏡之鏡頭前端之溫度及增加光均勻度，並且可以應用於影像輔助內視鏡外科手術與未來的單孔內視鏡及自然口手術上以利電子內視鏡發展。本研究使用塑料光纖與LED燈片來改善目前電子內視鏡因溫度限制導致電子內視鏡無法提供足夠的亮度與視野，因此本研究之光源補償機構可望達到不增加過多體積且可提供更大照度與視角的優點；其機構造價便宜更可做為一次性手術器械，避免器具重複使用而存在感染之風險。本研究設計之光學機構主要為加裝在電子內視鏡前端，機構共有3款，第一款為將光源後置置於內視鏡手持部分，藉由光纖導光至前端，此機機構雖移除熱源來源，但光線因此降低，故又分別設計2款光線補償機構，整體機構與鏡頭皆為可拋棄組件。為證實自製光學補償機構對於電子式內視鏡是可實際應用於胸腔手術中，於暗箱中針對溫度、照度、配光曲線與光均勻度進行實驗測試，比較有無光學補償機構的差異性，經實驗證實在距離5公分處，2款光學補償機構分別可提升52%與77%之照度；配光均勻度可由0.663提升至0.798與0.705。由此證實光線補償機構之可行性。

The purpose of this study is to design an optically compensation mechanism to drop the temperature at front side of electronic endoscope and increase the uniformity of illumination that could apply to video-assisted endoscopic surgery, single-port endoscopic surgery and natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery in the future. Endoscopy used in this study can be divided into 3type, First, LED at hand-held portion, the light source be moved to the hand-held portion and concentrated optical fiber around the front lens to lead the light to the front could resolve the problem of heat but the illumination was poor. Therefore, there were another 2 types of optically compensation were designed. To prove that optically compensation mechanisms can be used in thoracic surgery, we separately process experiments about temperature, illumination, and illumination uniformity within a simulated box which simulate the environment of the inner body. The results of temperature showed that all experimental data below 40℃, in other words, this endoscope meets the requirement of premarket notification of 510K. The results of illumination showed that distances at 5cm, the illumination of optically compensation mechanisms which compared with the hand-held portion increased 52% and 77%; the uniformity of illumination were 0.798 and 0.705. The results of the experiment indicated that optically compensation mechanism appears to be available.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
CONTENT iv
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Chapter1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and motivation 1
1.2 Objective 3
1.3 Contributions of this study 6
1.4 Organization of this dissertation 6
Chapter2 8
LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 History of endoscope 8
2.1.1 History of electronic endoscope 10
2.2 Essential requirements of endoscope 20
2.3 Chest cavity endoscope surgery situation analysis 21
2.3.1 Sterilization and disinfection of endoscope 21
2.3.2 Operational process 22
2.4 Summary of lighting design index 24
2.4.1 Luminous flux 25
2.4.2 Luminous intensity 25
2.4.3 Illumination 25
2.4.4 Brightness 26
2.4.5 Light distribution uniformity 26
2.4.6 Glare 27
2.4.7 Color temperature 27
2.4.8 Comparison of color temperatures of various light sources 28
Chapter3 29
DESIGN OF OPTICALLY COMPENSATION STRUCTURE AND ANALYSIS 29
3.1 The concept of designing 29
3.2 Structure of system 30
3.2.1 Establish the model of LED mechanism of LED at hand-held portion 32
3.2.2 Establish the model of LED mechanism of extra three jaw type 34
3.2.3 Establish the model of LED mechanism of unscrewing type 36
3.3 Entity making of the prototype mechanism of light compensation 39
3.3.1 Specifications of the standard parts 39
3.2 Entity assembly 42
Chapter4 45
EXPERIMENTS 45
4.1 Examination of illumination 45
4.1.1 Light distribution curve 47
4.1.2 Illumination uniformity 49
4.2 Examination of temperature 50
4.3 Animal experiment process 51
Chapter5 54
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 54
5.1 Performance of Optically compensation structure 54
5.2 Performance of Light distribution curve 55
5.2.1 LED at hand-held portion 55
5.2.2 Extra three jaw LED mechanism 57
5.2.3 Extra unscrewing type 58
5.3 Results of illumination uniformity 59
5.3.1 LED at hand-held portion 59
5.3.2 Extra three jaw LED mechanism 60
5.3.3 Extra unscrewing type 61
5.4 Results of examination of temperature 61
5.5 Results of animal experiments 62
Chapter6 64
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 64
6.1 Conclusions 64
6.2 Future work 65
References 66

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