臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究發展空調資訊模型，應用於建築遠端能源需量之管理，主要針對典型的中央空調系統，以建置在國立臺北科技大學6E 實驗室的空調冰水系統作為目標案例，利用開放式網路平台BACnet 標準建構建築能源管理系統。在空調整體能源效率方面本文基於系統性能因子(SPF)，以數值迴歸方式分析各項空調設備耗能資訊，得R2 值皆在0.98 以上，有效準確地呈現空調設備運轉狀態。
本研究利用產生設計日逐時氣溫的方法，整理出逐時外氣預測模型，並利用標準差分析其預測準確度，結果顯示全年平均預測氣溫之標準差為0.642℃。透過建築動態模擬，分析外氣溫度與室內空調負載之關係，得出逐時空調負載迴歸方程式，進而結合外氣預測模型與逐時空調負載迴歸方程式，整理出逐時空調負載預測模型。本研究採用C#程式語言撰寫出空調需量控制程式，藉此自動控制空調設備，同時計算出空調能源預算，並採用空調資訊儀表板的方式，以圖形化呈現出各項空調資訊，達到建築空調能源管理的目的。

This study has developed an air-conditioning information model, and has applied to the central air-conditioning chiller system of the 6E laboratory at the Taipei University of Technology. The open network protocol BACnet was used to set up a building energy management system. Energy analysis of the air-conditioning system was based on system performance factor, calculated with numerical regressions. R2 higher than 0.98 was obtained for the regression model thus indicates accurate operation monitoring of the air-conditioning system.
This study used the design day hourly temperature prediction model to generate hourly outdoor air temperature. The standard deviation of the predicted temperature annually average at 0.642. Dynamic building energy modeling was used to produce the relationship of hourly cooling load and the outdoor air temperature; regression model was then obtained for cooling load prediction. In this study a C# program was written for air-conditioning automatic demand control. The written program has the capability of calculating air-conditioning energy budget. The program written also graphically displays the air-conditioning information model in the form of dashboard. By controlling energy budget the management of air-conditioning energy can be achieved.

摘 要 ............................................................................................................................... II
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... III
誌 謝 ............................................................................................................................... V
目錄 ................................................................................................................................ VI
圖目錄 ......................................................................................................................... VIII
表目錄 ............................................................................................................................ XI
第一章 緒論 .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 前言 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 研究目的 .......................................................................................................... 2
1.3 章節架構 .......................................................................................................... 3
第二章 文獻回顧 ...................................................................................................... 5
2.1 建築資訊模型 .................................................................................................. 6
2.2 室內空調負荷預測 .......................................................................................... 7
2.3 中央空調系統最佳化 ...................................................................................... 8
2.4 建築能源監測平台 .......................................................................................... 9
2.5 文獻回顧結果與討論 .................................................................................... 10
第三章 研究方法與流程 ........................................................................................ 12
3.1 事前準備 ........................................................................................................ 13
3.2 空調資訊模型建立流程 ................................................................................ 13
3.3 逐時空調負載預測模型 ................................................................................ 13
3.4 空調需量控制框架 ........................................................................................ 13
3.5 研究成果 ........................................................................................................ 14
第四章 空調資訊模型 ............................................................................................ 15
4.1 空調資訊框架介紹 ........................................................................................ 15
4.2 BACNET 通訊協定 ......................................................................................... 17
4.3 實驗平台架設 ................................................................................................ 18
4.4 空調資訊迴歸方程式 .................................................................................... 23
第五章 室內空調負荷預測 .................................................................................... 28
5.1 外氣逐時環境預測方法 ................................................................................ 28
5.2 台北日溫差分佈係數.................................................................................... 30
5.3 預測準確度分析............................................................................................ 32
5.4 室內空調負載迴歸方程式............................................................................ 39
第六章 空調負荷需量控制程式............................................................................ 47
6.1 空調負荷需量控制撰寫平台介紹................................................................ 48
6.2 空調負荷需量控制程式架構........................................................................ 50
6.3 空調負荷需量控制程式功能驗證................................................................ 51
6.4 空調負荷需量控制程式介面........................................................................ 56
第七章 結論與未來展望........................................................................................ 58
參考文獻........................................................................................................................ 60

[1] United Nations, "Framework Convention on Climate Change, " December 12, 2015.
[2] 財團法人台灣綠色生產力基金會，辦公大樓節約能源手冊，2009 年9 月。
[3] 經濟部能源局，能源產業技術白皮書，2014 年。
[4] 內政部建築研究所，臺灣Green BIM 綠建築資訊模型應用架構研究，2015 年
10 月。
[5] 財團法人台灣綠色生產力基金會，建築能源管理(BEMS)節能手冊，2008 年10
月。
[6] K. Kim,J. Yu, "BIM-based building energy load calculation system for designers."
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 20, no. 2, 2015, pp. 549-563.
[7] R. Volk, J. Stengel,F. Schultmann, "Building Information Modeling (BIM) for
existing buildings — Literature review and future needs." Automation in
Construction, vol. 38, 2014, pp. 109-127.
[8] D. K. Jung, D. H. Lee, J. H. Shin, B. H. Song,S. H. Park, "Optimization of Energy
Consumption Using BIM-Based Building Energy Performance Analysis." Applied
Mechanics and Materials, vol. 281, 2013, pp. 649-652.
[9] F. Jalaei,A. Jrade, "Integrating building information modeling (BIM) and LEED
system at the conceptual design stage of sustainable buildings." Sustainable Cities
and Society, vol. 18, 2015, pp. 95-107.
[10] L. Duanmu, Z. Wang, Z. J. Zhai,X. Li, "A simplified method to predict hourly
building cooling load for urban energy planning." Energy and Buildings, vol. 58,
2013, pp. 281-291.
[11] K. M. Powell, A. Sriprasad, W. J. Cole,T. F. Edgar, "Heating, cooling, and electrical
load forecasting for a large-scale district energy system." Energy, vol. 74, no., 2014,pp. 877-885.
[12] Q. Li, Q. Meng, J. Cai, H. Yoshino,A. Mochida, "Predicting hourly cooling load in the building: A comparison of support vector machine and different artificial neural
networks." Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, no. 1, 2009, pp. 90-96.
[13] 王彥涵，已逐時氣象與負載預測作為空調整體系統性能最佳化控制。碩士論文，
國立國立臺北科技大學能源與冷凍空調研究所，台北，2011 年。
[14] A. Hesaraki,S. Holmberg, "Demand-controlled ventilation in new residential
buildings: Consequences on indoor air quality and energy savings." Indoor and Built
Environment, vol. 24, no. 2, 2013, pp. 162-173.
[15] W. Kim, Y. Jeon,Y. Kim, "Simulation-based optimization of an integrated
daylighting and HVAC system using the design of experiments method." Applied
Energy, vol. 162, 2016, pp. 666-674.
[16] S. Papantoniou, D. Kolokotsa, K. Kalaitzakis, "Building optimization and control
algorithms implemented in existing BEMS using a web based energy management
and control system." Energy and Buildings, vol. 98, 2015, pp. 45-55.
[17] 楊俊欣，辦公建築空調全年耗能電腦模擬與耗能因子分析，碩士論文，國立臺
北科技大學能源與冷凍空調研究所，台北，2003。
[18] L. A. Hurtado, P. H. Nguyen,W. L. Kling, "Agent-based control for building energy
management in the smart grid framework." IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies, Europe , 2014, pp. 1-6.
[19] Frank Shadpour, Joseph Kilcoyne, "Criteria for Building Automation Dashboards, " ASHRAE Journal, 2015, pp. 28-36.
[20] J. Lertlakkhanakul, S. Yoon,J. Choi, "Developing a Building Energy Management
Framework Based on Ubiquitous Sensor Networks." Indoor and Built Environment,vol. 19, no. 1, 2010, pp. 192-201.
[21] 沈秉錡，BACnet 通訊協定與建築耗能監測之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技 大學能源與冷凍空調研究所，台北，2003。
[22] ASHRAE, ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, Chapter 14,Atlanta, GA:ASHRAE
Inc, 2009.
[23] ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 135-2012,A Data Communication Protocol For Building Automation and Control Networks,Atlanta, GA 30329.
[24] ASHRAE, ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC System and Equipment (SI), Chapter 37,Atlanta, GA:ASHRAE Inc, 2008.
[25] Microsoft (無日期)，.NET Framework 使用者入門 – 什麼是.NET Framework。
民105 年5 月30 日，取自：https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/hh425099。
[26] Microsoft(2016 年4 月)，Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework。
民105 年5 月30 日，取自：https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/z1zx9t92。