臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Urbanization continues to grow faster than ever, and some problems resulting from urban development do not gain much attention from society. The number of people is uncontrollable, requiring reduced individual space, houses are becoming smaller, and humans are forced to live in the tiny houses or apartments. Schorr (2014) argued that in the future many people will have to reside in windowless apartments, and this lack of windows in their living environment could have many negative impacts on their health and emotional state. The purpose of the current study is to identify and understand the requirements for virtual windows in elderly living environments, and test whether virtual windows have implications for elders’ daily life, and physical or mental health. Therefore, we collected data regarding happiness and restorative value in the virtual window and windowless environments.
Data collection included experiments, questionnaires, and official visits as well as interaction with a virtual window in the windowless living space. A group of elderly subjects participated in an experiment that lasted approximately 10–15 min, where each participant followed as specific procedure in both environments and rated the happiness and restorative value.
The results showed that installing virtual windows in the living environment had a positive impact on elder’s health, and suggests the virtual windows were an important factor for overall happiness and influenced restorative outcomes. This highlights the importance of well-designed living environments, particularly window elements, for our elderly.

Recommendation letter from the thesis advisor
Oral defense committee certification
Acknowledgement .....................................................................................iii
Abstract......................................................................................................iv
Table of Contents....................................................................................... vi
Figures .....................................................................................................viii
Tables.........................................................................................................ix
Nomenclature.............................................................................................. x
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................ 1
1.1 Urbanization Problems .................................................................. 1
1.2 Cities in Taiwan and Aging Population Problem........................... 2
1.3 Research Rationale ........................................................................ 6
1.4 Research Framework ..................................................................... 7
Chapter 2 Literature Review....................................................................... 9
2.1 Elders’ Residential Environment and Surroundings...................... 9
2.2 Importance of Windows in Elderly Living Environments .......... 11
2.3 Views to Outside.......................................................................... 15
Chapter 3 Methodology ............................................................................ 17
3.1 Participants................................................................................... 17
3.2 Materials ...................................................................................... 17
3.3 Experiment Setting ...................................................................... 18
3.4 Measurements.............................................................................. 19
3.4.1 The Happiness Single-Item Scale ...................................... 19
3.4.2 The Perceived Restorativeness Scale................................. 19
3.4.3 General Demographic Questionnaires............................... 21
3.5 Data Analysis............................................................................... 21
Chapter 4 Virtual Window System ........................................................... 22
4.1 Virtual Window ........................................................................... 22
4.2 Virtual Window Concepts ........................................................... 24
4.3 Proposed Synthesis...................................................................... 25
4.4 System Design ............................................................................. 26
Chapter 5 System Validation .................................................................... 28
5.1 Experiment Conditions................................................................ 28
5.1.1 Windowless Environment.................................................. 28
5.1.2 Virtual Window Environment ........................................... 28
5.2 Procedure ..................................................................................... 30
5.3 General Demographic.................................................................. 32
5.4 The Happiness Single-Item Scale................................................ 34
5.4.1 Descriptive Statistics of the Happiness Single-Item Scale 34
5.4.2 Happiness between Windowless and Virtual Window
Environments.............................................................................. 35
5.5 The Perceived Restorativeness Scale .......................................... 37
5.6 Requirement for Virtual Windows in Elderly Living
Environments..................................................................................... 39
5.7 Impact of Virtual Windows on Elderly Well-being .................... 41
5.7.1 Happiness Level................................................................. 41
5.7.2 Restoration Level............................................................... 43
Chapter 6 Conclusion ............................................................................... 46
References................................................................................................. 49
Appendix A: HCII 2016 Publication ........................................................ 56
Appendix B: General demographic questionnaires.................................. 64
Appendix C: The happiness single-item scale.......................................... 66
Appendix D: The perceived restorativeness scale.................................... 67

Figures
Figure 1- 1. Variable Relationships ............................................................ 7
Figure 1- 2. Research Framework .............................................................. 8
Figure 3- 1 Experiment setting for (a) windowless and (b) virtual window
environments............................................................................................. 18
Figure 4- 1 Some examples of currently available virtual window ......... 24
Figure 4- 2 Example single images from the environmental categories.. 26
Figure 5 - 1 Windowless environment...................................................... 28
Figure 5 - 2 Virtual window environment ................................................ 29
Figure 5 - 3 Experiment Procedure .......................................................... 31


Tables
Table 4- 1 Typical virtual window environments..................................... 25
Table 5- 1 General demographics............................................................. 33
Table 5- 2 Happiness scale (0-10) ............................................................ 35
Table 5- 3 Natural environment scenes compared with windowless
environment (WE) .................................................................................... 36
Table 5- 4 Community spaces scenes compared with windowless
environment (WE) .................................................................................... 36
Table 5- 5 Urban area scenes compared with windowless environment
(WE).......................................................................................................... 37
Table 5- 6 Overall perceived restorativeness scale scores between
windowless (WE) and virtual window (VWE) environments ................. 38
Table 5- 7 Individual perceived restorativeness scale scores between
windowless (WE) and virtual window (VWE) environments ................. 38

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