臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究目的：歐美的研究顯示，青少女懷孕除了帶來健康的問題，更可能造成社會問題。而現有台灣地區文獻中，對於青少女所生育子女之後續身心生長與發展的研究較為缺乏。本研究的目的即在於探討台灣青少女母親所生幼兒至三歲時之發展是否不同於成年母親所生幼兒。

研究方法及資料：「台灣出生世代研究」正式調查第三波應訪個案為20,172名，共完訪19,910名，完訪率為98.7%。本研究以其中19,381名單胞胎（佔97.34％）為對象，選出由青少女（<20歲）所生之幼兒560名，分析其六個月大時母親及幼兒特性、照顧方式與三歲時幼兒之成長和發展的相關性，並與成年母親所生單胞胎幼兒18,821名比較其異同。本研究以身高及體重做為生長指標，發展達成率之定義為三歲時幼兒能否完成以下發展項目：粗動作「會自行走路不會跌倒」、細動作「可以用筆亂畫」、語言「會模仿大人的對話」及社交「可以做出別人曾經做出的動作」。統計方式含描述性統計和多變項統計分析。

研究結果：青少女所生子女至三歲時之身高與成年組已無差異，體重則於六個月大時起已無差異。青少女母親組於粗動作、細動作、語言和社交各項未達成率分別為13(2.32%)、34(6.07%)、10(1.79%)和24(4.29 %)，成年母親組則為392(2.08%)、1015(5.39%)、308(1.64%)和512(2.72 %)。雖然青少女組在各項發展未達成率較高，但二組間並無顯著差異。然兩組間在影響是否達成細動作該項之影響因子，確有顯著差異，分別為「晚上主要照顧者」和「家庭功能障礙」。

結論與建議：青少女所生幼兒三歲時之成長與成年母親之子女無顯著差異。其發展雖略落後於成年母親之子女，然亦未達顯著差異。但隨著年齡的增加日後在發展、智能、人格特質及成就上或許會有進一步的發現。

Background: Adolescent pregnancy carries a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. Currently, there are very few longitudinal studies that have investigated the growth of children born to adolescents. This study explores the birth outcomes and determinants in adolescent pregnancies with subjects enrolled from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS).
Methods: Using the data of Wave I (6 months old), II (18 months old), and III (36 months old) of TBCS, a national sample of 19,381 pairs of mothers and their children were included for analysis. Out of these subjects, therewere 560 pairs of adolescent mothers and children. Through completed field interviews with structured questionnaires, surveys with mothers or other family members, and with references to each child''s birth certificate and Passport of Well-baby Care, the differences in birth outcomes, personal, pregnancy, and social profiles of the mothers were analyzed.
Results: A total of 560 adolescent mothers (<20 years old) and 18,821 adult mothers (20–34 years old) were included in this study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of parameters of children growth and development. The numbers (proportions) of failure in milestones at 3 years old in gross motor functions, fine motor function, language, and social/personal development of children born to adolescent mothers are 13(2.32%), 34(6.07%), 10(1.79%), and 24(4.29 %), respectively; while there are 392(2.08%), 1015(5.39%), 308(1.64%) and 512(2.72 %%) for those born to adult mothers, respectively. The risk factors of failure in children development were identified as “the mother isn''t the night-time caregiver” and “family dysfunction”.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in development at 3 years old among children born to adolescent and adult mothers.

第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景------------------------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究目的------------------------------------------------------------3
第三節 研究假說------------------------------------------------------------4
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 國內外青少女所生子女健康的研究現況--------------------5
第二節 嬰幼兒成長與發展的評估--------------------------------------8
第三節 研究架構-----------------------------------------------------------9
第三章 研究設計
第一節 台灣出生世代研究介紹----------------------------------------10
第二節 研究對象----------------------------------------------------------11
第三節 研究變項與操作型定義----------------------------------------12
第四節 分析方法----------------------------------------------------------14
第四章 研究結果----------------------------------------------------------------15
第五章 討論與建議
第一節 研究結果之探討-------------------------------------------------31
第二節 研究建議----------------------------------------------------------35
第三節 研究限制----------------------------------------------------------35
第六章 結論----------------------------------------------------------------------36
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------37

表目錄

表1. 母親社會人口學特性與健康行為的分佈----------------------------16
表2. 母親生產懷孕史分佈----------------------------------------------------17
表3. 小孩的出生結果分佈 ------------------------------------------------18
表4. 影響低出生體重之Logistic regression 分析------------------------19
表5. 六個月大時母親及幼兒特性-------------------------------------------20
表6. 嬰幼兒身高----------------------------------------------------------------21
表7. 嬰幼兒體重----------------------------------------------------------------23
表8. 三歲時幼兒發展未達成率----------------------------------------------25
表9. 粗動作發展----------------------------------------------------------------26
表10. 細動作發展--------------------------------------------------------------27
表11. 語言發展-----------------------------------------------------------------28
表12. 社交發展-----------------------------------------------------------------29
表13. 青少女所生幼兒發展達成之時間變異性統計分析--------------30

圖目錄

圖1. 嬰幼兒身高柱狀圖-----------------------------------------------------21
圖2. 嬰幼兒身高曲線圖-----------------------------------------------------22
圖3. 嬰幼兒體重柱狀圖-----------------------------------------------------23
圖4. 嬰幼兒體重曲線圖-----------------------------------------------------24

附錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
附錄一 台灣出生世代研究第三波正式調查主問卷-------------------40
附錄二 幼兒母親自覺健康狀態問卷-------------------------------------95

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