臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以廢棄CIGS薄膜太陽能薄膜電池玻璃做為製備輕質骨材原料，相關研究顯示廢棄玻璃製備輕質骨材之燒結溫度多在1000℃以上。本研究嘗試以H3BO3及Na2CO3為助熔劑，在1000℃以下進行燒結形成輕質骨材，並測試骨材之吸水率、視孔隙率、體密度、抗壓強度、健性及毒性溶出試驗(TCLP)等性質。由於H3BO3及Na2CO3均可促進廢玻璃粉在低溫形成黏滯玻璃相而包覆內部產生的氣體形成輕質骨材，但是黏滯玻璃相阻隔氧氣擴散進入試體內部可能導致黏結劑在燒結過程未完全燒失使骨材產生黑心現象，依據實驗結果顯示，在維持成型結果前提之下降低聚乙烯純黏結劑的劑量有助於降低或消除黑心現象。
研究內容分以兩種助熔劑來進行輕質骨材的製備，分別以硼酸及碳酸鈉做為助熔劑，在不同添加劑量、溫度及燒結時間製備多孔隙輕質骨材，當硼酸助熔劑劑量添加量到達10%以上，在700℃燒製1小時所產生之輕質骨材性質如下:
體密度(g/cm3):1.464、吸水率(%):0.089、視孔隙率(%):0.130、健性(%):0.063、抗壓強度(kgf/cm2): 820.045。
另外當碳酸鈉助熔劑劑量添加量到達17.5%以上，在810℃燒製1.5小時所產生之輕質骨材性質如下:
體密度(g/cm3):1.380、吸水率(%):0.739、視孔隙率(%):1.016、健性(%):0.069、抗壓強度(kgf/cm2): 383.153。
並經由掃描式電子顯微鏡影像分析可以獲知骨材內部具有孔洞的分佈，印證本研究方法確實可以得到體密度、視孔隙率、健性及吸水率等四項性質分別符合CNS-3691對粒料要求，另外抗壓強度也符合CNS-3036規範，顯示廢棄的CIGS的太陽能薄膜電池玻璃可藉低溫共燒技術，在1000℃以下燒製成高抗壓與低吸水、低密度之輕質骨材。

In this study, the waste film CIGS thin film solar cell glass as preparing a lightweight aggregate material, related research shows that sintering waste glass of preparing a lightweight aggregate at a temperature of more than 1000 ℃. This study attempts to H3BO3 and Na2CO3 as flux below 1000 ℃ sintered lightweight aggregate formation, and test the water absorption of aggregate, depending on the porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, health and toxicity dissolution test (TCLP) and other properties. Since H3BO3 and Na2CO3 can promote the gas phase and the viscous glass coated internally generated waste glass powder formed in the low temperature formation of lightweight aggregate, but the viscous glass phase barrier to oxygen diffusion into the interior of the test may cause binder during sintering is not completely burned to produce aggregate so sinister phenomenon, according to the experimental results show that, under the premise of maintaining the molding result dose reduction PVA binder can help reduce or eliminate the sinister phenomenon.
Research is divided in two flux for preparing a lightweight aggregate respectively as boric acid and sodium carbonate as a flux, preparation of porous lightweight aggregate in a different amount of additives, sintering temperature and time, when the dose amount of borate fluxes reach more than 10% lightweight aggregate nature at 700℃ baking 1 hour generated as follows:
(bulk density (g / cm3): 1.464, water absorption (%): 0.089, depending on the porosity (%): 0.130, sexual health (%): 0.063, compressive strength (kgf / cm2): 820.045.
In addition, when the amount of sodium carbonate added dose of flux reach more than 17.5%, fired for 1.5 hours at 810 ℃ arising lightweight aggregate characteristics are as follows: (bulk density (g / cm3): 1.380, water absorption (%): 0.739, depending on the porosity (%): 1.016, sexual health (%)::0.069, Compressive strength (kgf / cm2) : 383.153).
And through the scanning electron microscope image analysis can be learned within the hole with the distribution of bone, it was confirmed that the four properties of bulk density, apparent porosity, soundness and water absorption were in accordance with the requirements of CNS-3691, in addition the compressive strength is also in line with CNS-3036 specification, displayed CIGS solar thin-film battery glass by low-temperature co-firing technology, at 1000℃ below firing high compression and low water absorption, low-density lightweight aggregate.

目錄

誌謝
中文摘要 ..……………………………………………………….… I
英文摘要 ..………………………………………………………… III
目錄 …………………………………………………………… VI
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………… IX
表目錄 ………………………………...………………………… XII
第一章 緒論
1-1 研究背景 …………………………………………………. 1
1-2 研究動機 …………………………………………………. 7
1-3 研究目的 …………………………………………………. 9
1-4 研究架構 …………………………………………………. 10
第二章 理論基礎
2-1廢棄物玻璃化安定技術 …………………...….…………… 12
2-2低溫共燒技術 …………...………………….……………… 13
第三章 研究方法
3-1 實驗材料藥品及設備 …………………...……………….. 17
3-1-1 樣品來源 ...……………………………………..….. 17
3-1-2 實驗藥品 ……………………………………..……. 18
3-1-3實驗設備 …………………………………………... 18
3-2 試體成型操作 …………………………………...……….. 20
3-3 毒性溶出試驗(TCLP) ………………………………….. 20
3-4 吸水率試驗 …………………………...………………….. 23
3-5 體密度試驗 ……………………………...……………….. 23
3-6 視孔隙率試驗 …………………………...……………….. 23
3-7 健性試驗 …………………………………...…………….. 24
3-8 抗壓試驗 …………………………………...…………….. 24
3-9 XRF分析 …………………………………………………. 25
3-10 SEM影像分析 ……………………………...…………... 25
3-11 熱差分析 ……………………………………………...… 25
第四章 結果與討論
4-1 樣品特性分析 ………………………………………...….. 26
4-2 CIGS廢玻璃熱差分析 ………………………………...… 27
4-3 黑心樣品的探討 …………………………………………. 29
4-4 助熔劑添加量對輕質骨材特性的影響 …………………. 30
4-4-1硼酸助熔劑的影響 ……………………………...…... 30
4-4-2碳酸鈉助熔劑的影響 ……………………………...... 35
4-5 燒結溫度對骨材特性之影響 ………………………......... 39
4-5-1硼酸助熔劑製備輕質骨材之特性分析 …………...... 39
4-5-2碳酸鈉助熔劑製備輕質骨材之特性分析 …………… 42
4-6 燒結時間對骨材特性之影響 ……………………………. 45
4-6-1硼酸助熔劑製備輕質骨材之特性分析 …………...... 45
4-6-2碳酸鈉助熔劑製備輕質骨材之特性分析 ………...... 49
4-7 低溫共燒製備輕質骨材之TCLP試驗 ………………..... 53
4-7-1硼酸助熔劑製備輕質骨材之特性分析 …………..… 53
4-7-2碳酸鈉助熔劑製備輕質骨材之特性分析 ……...…... 53

第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論 ………………………………………………...…….. 54
5-2 建議 ……………………………………………...……….. 55

參考文獻 ………………………………………………………….... 56

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