臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

厭氧氨氧化為一替代之除氮技術，近年來持續受到關注，厭氧氨氧化乃利用化學自營在無氧的環境下以無機碳做為碳源，並將氨氮及亞硝酸鹽氮轉換為氮氣及少量的硝酸鹽氮，成本較傳統生物處理低廉，然而近幾年研究發現厭氧氨氧化菌馴養困難，為須突破之困境。
本研究之目的係完成厭氧氨氧化菌之馴養，並以分子生物檢測技術為核心探討馴養過程中之菌相變化，實驗過程同時監測水質並觀察微生物變化，希望透過分子生物技術檢測菌群種類，證明目標菌存在，並評估是否達到研究設定之目標。
研究結果表示，短時間活化並且快速馴養厭氧氨氧化菌是可行的，在四週內就有明顯的趨勢，氨氮與亞硝酸鹽氮共同削減，而反應比值逐漸趨近於厭氧氨氧化反應式之反應比1.32，代表厭氧氨氧化反應有進行，並於槽體內部及管線產生了明顯的紅色生物膜，代表已有厭氧氨氧化菌增生，而氮負荷也影響了反應進行，若提高氮負荷則必須考慮到硝酸鹽氮累積對馴養過程所帶來之負面影響。
透過顯微鏡觀察及分子生物檢測技術，可以得知馴養後之污泥具有活性並得知具有厭氧氨氧化菌的存在，證明此研究馴養是成功的。

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is an alternative nitrogen removal technology has paid close attention in recent years. Anammox is use of chemoautotroph bacteria in anaerobic environment with inorganic carbon as carbon source, and transform NH4-N and NO2-N into N2 and a little amount of NO3-N. The cost is lower than the traditional biological treatment. However, it has been found that the domestication of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria is very difficult in recent years. That is a difficult problem to break through.
The purpose of this study is to complete the domestication of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, using molecular biological detection technology as the core of the bacteria phase changes, and monitoring the water quality and observation of microbial changes during the experiment. Its desirable to detect flora by molecular biological detection technology. Demonstrate the presence of target bacteria, and to assess whether the objectives for the study were achieved.
The results showed that short-term activation and rapid domestication of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria is feasible. It had a clear trend in the four weeks. NH4-N and NO2-N are decrease in a short time and the ratio gradually approaching anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction ratio 1.32. It proved that anaerobic ammonium oxidation is working. At the same time, it was observed that the red biofilm was exist in the reactor and pipe, which means that the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria has been proliferated. However, the nitrogen load has also affected the reaction. If the nitrogen load increase, it may have the negative impact of the domestication process cause the NO3-N accumulating. Through the microscopic observation and molecular biology detection technology, we can know that the domesticated sludge is active and know the presence of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, which proves that the domestication is successful.

誌謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1氮循環 4
2.2氮處理程序 6
2.2.1物化性處理 6
2.2.2生物處理 8
2.2.3 新式生物處理 10
2.3厭氧氨氧化作用 13
2.3.1厭氧氨氧化菌 14
2.3.2厭氧氨氧化特性 15
2.4分子生物技術對厭氧氨氧化之應用 17
2.4.1聚合酶連鎖反應(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) 17
2.4.2基因選殖 18
2.5分子生物技術應用實例 19
第三章 實驗方法 21
3.1 系統操作設計 23
3.2人工合成基質 25
3.3實驗設計與操作 27
3.3.1實驗操作方法 29
3.4水質分析方法 31
3.5分子生物技術 34
3.5.1 DNA萃取 34
3.5.2 聚合酶鏈鎖反應(PCR) 36
3.5.4基因選殖(Clone) 38
3.5.5 DNA 序列分析 41
第四章 結果與討論 42
4.1低氮負荷馴養階段 42
4.1.1低氮負荷階段之COD變化 44
4.1.2低氮負荷階段之氨氮變化 46
4.1.3低氮負荷階段之亞硝酸鹽氮變化 48
4.1.4低氮負荷階段之硝酸鹽氮變化 50
4.1.5低氮負荷階段之綜合討論 52
4.2高氮負荷馴養階段 56
4.2.1高氮負荷階段之COD變化 57
4.2.2高氮負荷階段之氨氮變化 59
4.2.3高氮負荷階段之亞硝酸鹽氮變化 60
4.2.4高氮負荷階段之硝酸鹽氮變化 62
4.2.5高氮負荷階段之綜合討論 64
4.3系統微生物分析 68
4.3.1系統污泥型態 68
4.3.2菌相組成分析 69
4.3.3基因定序結果 74
第五章 結論與建議 76
5.1結論 76
5.2建議 77
參考文獻 78

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