臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用固態反應法分別製作改變稀土元素釹(neodymium ; Nd)取代比例與取代比例為7%Nd鐵酸鉍(Bi0.93Nd0.07FeO3)在不同氮氣與氧氣混合比例下燒結的陶瓷樣品。從SEM與EDS則可以發現當Nd取代比例增加或N2氣氛混合比例增加，陶瓷粒徑變小與氧空缺變少。磁滯迴線則是使用VSM在常溫下進行量測並發現當Nd取代比例增加與N2氣氛比例增加時，鐵酸鉍會有微量的剩餘磁極化產生。吸收光譜是在新竹國家同步輻射研究中心(NSRRC)進行量測，根據吸收光譜可以得知隨著Nd取代比例或N2氣氛比例改變時，鐵價數與配位原子間的鍵結距離發生改變，與拉曼光譜的峰值位置改變趨勢有相對應的變化。光伏量測皆以厚度為0.15 mm的陶瓷樣品進行量測，激發源則是使用波長為405 nm的雷射光做為光源，並在樣品兩端分別鍍上金薄膜與ITO薄膜當做為電極並量測開路電壓與短路電流。理論分析則是使用p-n junction 理論與實驗室所發展的光伏理論進行分析與實驗數據擬合。

The ceramic samples were prepared by changing ratios of rare earth element neodymium (Nd) and controlling atmosphere ratios of nitrogen and oxygen in (Bi0.93Nd0.07)FeO3 (BFO7Nd) by solid state reaction method. SEM and EDS results revealed that grain size becomes smaller and the oxygen vacancies decrease by increasing ratios of Nd substitution or N2 atmosphere concentration. Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured by using VSM at room temperature and indicate that the ceramic samples have the remanent magnetizations with increasing ratios of Nd substitution or N2 atmosphere concentration. X-ray absorption spectra were obtained in National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC). X-ray absorption spectroscopy can obtain valence of iron and bond length of coordination atoms, which change with increasing ratios of Nd substitution or N2 atmosphere concentration. The Raman spectra are consistent with X-ray absorption results. The thickness of ceramic samples for photovoltaic effects is 0.15 mm. The excitation source is a diode laser light with wavelength 405 nm. Gold thin film and an ITO thin film were deposited on both surfaces of the sample. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current were measured under irradiation. The theoretical analysis based on p-n junction theory was used to explain photovoltaic effects.

中文摘要......................................................................................................................i
Abstract........................................................................................................................ii
致謝.............................................................................................................................iii
目錄.............................................................................................................................iv
圖目錄......................................................................................................................viii
表目錄......................................................................................................................xiv
第一章 緒論…………………………………………...………………………….1
1.1 研究動機………………………………………………………………...1
1.2 複鐵性材料……………………………………………………………..2
1.3 鐵酸鉍…………………………………………………………………...4
1.4 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………...8
第二章 實驗理論……………………………………………………………….....9
2.1介電常數理論………………………………………………………..........9
2.2菱方結構晶格參數計算…………………………………………….....13
2.3拉曼光譜……………………………………………………………….....15
2.4同步X光吸收光譜原理…………………………………………........22
2.5磁性原理與磁滯曲線………………………………………….............35
2.6能隙……………………………………………………………..................40
2.7吸收係數……………………………………………...………..................42
2.8光伏效應理論……………………………………...………....................44
第三章 樣品製備與實驗方法…………………………...………...................68
3.1 樣品製備……………………………………………...………................69
3.1-1 Nd-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) 配粉與球磨…………………….69
3.1-2 鍛燒…………………………………………...………................71
3.1-3高能球磨…………………………………...………....................75
3.1-4成型…………………………………...……….............................76
3.1-5燒結…………………………………...……….............................76
3.1-6高溫爐簡介………………………...………...............................78
3.2 SEM與EDS量測………………...………............................................80
3.2-1 SEM………………………...……….............................................80

3.2-2 EDS………………………...………..............................................82
3.3 介電常數量測…………………...………...............................................83
3.4拉曼光譜量測…………………...………................................................84
3.5 X光吸收光譜量測……………...………...............................................86
3.5-1樣品製備……………...………....................................................87
3.5-2 軟吸收光譜量測…...……….....................................................87
3.5-3硬吸收光譜量測…...………......................................................91
3.6磁性量測…………………...……….........................................................93
3.7光伏量測…………………...……….........................................................95
3.7-1樣品製備………...………............................................................95
3.7-2開路電壓與短路電流量測......................................................99
3.7-3 Power Conversion Efficiency曲線量測設置.....................99
第四章 實驗結果與討論……...………...........................................................101
Part I 改變Nd取代比例………....................................................................101
4.1 SEM與EDS……...………....................................................................101
4.2 XRD分析……...……….........................................................................102
4.3拉曼光譜……...………...........................................................................111
4.4 硬X光吸收光譜……...………...........................................................116
4.5 軟X光吸收光譜……...………...........................................................121
4.6 磁滯曲線……...………..........................................................................129
4.7穿透光譜與光學能隙...........................................................................131
4.8 I-V特性曲線...........................................................................................136
4.9光伏效應..................................................................................................137
4.9-1開路電壓與短路電流密度......................................................137
4.9-2 p-n junction 模型擬合..............................................................140
4.9-3轉換效率與外部量子轉換效率.............................................146
Part II 改變製程環境氣氛比例……...………...............................................151
4.10 SEM與EDS……...………..................................................................151
4.11 XRD分析……...……….......................................................................152
4.12拉曼光譜……...……….........................................................................162
4.13 硬X光吸收光譜……...……….........................................................166
4.14 軟X光吸收光譜……...…….............................................................171
4.15 磁滯曲線……...………........................................................................177
4.16穿透光譜與光學能隙.........................................................................179
4.17 I-V特性曲線........................................................................................185
4.18光伏效應................................................................................................186
4.18-1開路電壓與短路電流密度....................................................186
4.18-2 p-n junction 模型擬合............................................................188
4.18-3轉換效率與外部量子轉換效率...........................................195
第五章 結論.........................................................................................................201
(a).Nd取代濃度控制.........................................................................................201
(b).氣氛比例控制................................................................................................203
參考資料................................................................................................................206

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