臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

輔仁大學一百零四學年度第二學期碩士論文
系 (所) 別: 食品科學系
論文名稱: 低分子量幾丁聚醣/牛至精油/PLA複合薄膜物理特性及抗菌包裝應用
指導教授: 陳政雄 博士
摘要
幾丁聚醣(chitosan)為幾丁質經去乙醯化(deacetylation)後的生物聚合物，廣泛應用於抗菌包裝材料。本研究探討生物具生物降解性聚乳酸酯(PLA)作為基底，配合幾丁聚醣及牛至精油製成生物性抗菌薄膜，並探討幾丁聚醣分子量及牛至精油共同添加至複合膜之物理及抗菌能力影響。研究利用纖維素酶進行對市售幾丁聚醣降解，再以流變儀測定其黏度，並經由黏度法計算其平均分子量。水解之幾丁聚醣會與牛至精油共同添加至PLA中製備複合膜。後續測試複合膜通透性、機械強度、穩定性等理化特性，並探討抗菌物質釋放程度及對常見食品腐敗菌之抑制性，以評估複合膜於生鮮肉品包裝應用性。實驗結果顯示，以纖維素酶水解幾丁聚醣能使分子量有效降低，以1 g/mL (≥ 0.3 units/mg solid)纖維素酶水解30分鐘能使分子量降至10 kDa以下，而以0.1及0.01 g/100 mL (≥ 0.3 units/mg solid) 纖維素酶水解幾丁聚醣，分子量分別降至15 ± 5，30 ± 7 kDa及低於 10 kDa。而復合膜機械特性則會受幾丁聚醣添加量及分子量影響，添加分子量大小30 ± 7 kDa之幾丁聚醣 1%及3%至複合膜中，能使薄膜維持較好之延展性，分別為174.28 ± 27.67及66.41 ± 16.16%。水氣滲透率測試以含3%分子量30 kDa幾丁聚醣之複合膜具有最好之阻隔性，相較於純聚乳酸酯薄膜，水氣滲透可由6.78±0.39下降至2±0.37 g/m2/day。在抗菌活性測定中，以5% 之分子量為30 kDa之幾丁聚醣及1%牛至精油添加至複合膜中具有最好之抗菌活性，對沙門氏菌及李斯特菌皆有抑制環產生。將複合膜應用於雞胸肉之包裝中，測試複合模對於肉品冷藏期間內李斯特菌之抑制性，結果顯示於24小時內添加5%之幾丁聚醣及1%牛至精油+9% PEG之複合膜可使菌數降至0.01±0.01 log CFU/g，並於72小時內總菌數仍可保持0.5log值以下。本研究中之抗菌複合膜能維持包材之機械強度，且提供天然抗菌包裝選擇。

關鍵字: 抗菌包裝、幾丁聚醣、聚乳酸酯、纖維素酶、牛至精油

Abstract

Antimicrobial packaging is a packaging material that incorporates with antimicrobial agents by blending, and further releases antimicrobial compounds onto food surface. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of physical properties and antimicrobial activity of chitosan/oregano essential oil/PLA composite film composing of low molecular weights of chitosan and oregano essential oil. Cellulase was used to depolymerize chitosan, then, the hydrolyzed compounds were subjected to rheometer for determination of molecular weight. Those chitosan substances were blended with PLA and oregano essential oil to fabricate packaging film. The physicoehmcial properites of active film, including stability, permeability, mechanical properties were determined, and further subjected to evaluate antimicrobial activity for food package application. The results showed that use of 0.01, 0.1 and 1g /mL(≥ 0.3 units/mg solid) cellulase to hydrolyze commercial chitosan led to decrease molecular weight to 15 ± 5, 30 ± 7 kDa and less than 10KDa, respectively. With 1% and 3% 30 kDa chitosan added into composite film, elongation was determined as 174.28 ± 27.67 and 66.41 ± 16.16%, respectively, what did not cuase any changes in elongation. The composite film with 3% 30 kDa chitosan resulted a reduction in water vapor permeability from 6.78 ± 0.39 to 2 ± 0.37 g/m2/day. Compared to PLA alone, the composite films containing 5% 30 kDa chitosan and 1% oregano oil associated with 9% PEG showed the greater antimicrobial activity on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes, based on inhibitory zone assay. The composite films was subscequently applied to fresh chicken breast packaging and analyzed the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes during storage. Results showed that 1% OEO/9% PEG/5%CH/PLA film decreased Listeria monocytogenes to 0.01±0.01 log CFU/g, and maintained cells less than 0.5 log after 72 hr. The composite film developed in the present study is beneficial to an application of antimicrobial packaging with mechanical strength and biodegradable properties.

Keyword: antimicrobial packaging, chitosan, PLA, cellulase, oregano essential oil
 

目錄
一.前言 1
二.文獻回顧 4
一. 活性包裝 4
二. 幾丁聚糖 8
(一) 來源及特性 8
(二) 幾丁聚醣水解 11
(三) 抗菌活性 13
(四) 幾丁聚醣成模特性 18
三. 牛至精油 23
四. 聚乳酸酯 28
三.材料與方法 38
一、 儀器與材料 38
(一) 化學藥品 38
(二) 儀器設備 38
二、實驗架構 40
三、試驗方法 41
四.結果與討論 50
一.水解幾丁聚醣分子量測定 50
二.複合膜抑菌能力測試 54
三.複合膜機械性質 60
四.複合膜穩定性分析 70
(一) 吸水性 70
(二) 降解性 72
五.複合膜通透性分析 74
(一)水蒸氣滲透率(Water vapor permeation; WVP) 74
(二) 氧氣穿透率(OTR; Oxygen transmition rate) 76
六.包材轉移性 78
(一) 幾丁聚醣釋放程度 78
(二) 牛至精油釋放程度 93
七.食品包裝應用 98
五.結論 106
六.參考文獻 108

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