臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究提出可應用於整合成Lab on fiber感測平台的感測元件，並以長週期光纖光柵原理為基礎，搭配胺基修飾的二氧化矽粉末(amine modified nanoporous silica foams)、四乙烯五胺修飾的吸附劑(TEPA(Tetraethylenepentamine)-modified adsorbent)、鎳金屬及葡萄糖氧化酶，分別開發出適合用於感測二氧化碳氣體、磁場以及葡萄糖濃度的長週期光纖光柵Lab on fiber感測元件。二氧化碳氣體感測實驗中，基於感測層塗佈的效果，選用3種不同型別的感測器進行二氧化碳氣體感測，實驗結果得知四乙烯五胺修飾的吸附劑可在載入氣體後即和CO2產生反應，且傳輸損耗變化量會隨著二氧化碳氣體的充入而產生變化，在量測範圍0%- 15%二氧化碳氣體感測器所獲得的最佳靈敏度為-0.089 dB/%。
磁場感測實驗中，利用S型金屬流道結構之長週期光纖光柵感測器作為磁場感測元件，運用釹鐵硼磁鐵(NdFeB Magnet)與感測器之徑向垂直距離控制磁場大小，磁通量強度利用高斯計即時監測，分析感測器在不同磁場下的頻譜變化。由實驗結果得知，在外部磁場負載下，對鎳金屬結構產生磁吸力，引發週期性金屬結構應變發生改變，導致光柵週期結構折射率發生擾動，進而引起耦合係數發生變異，導致傳輸損耗因磁通量變化而增強或減弱。磁場對損耗之靈敏度為-0.0098 dB/Gauss，R2值為0.9797。因此本文所開發之S型金屬流道結構之長週期光纖光柵感測器能夠應用於磁場感測。
葡萄糖感測實驗中，利用未塗佈感測層的NLPFG作為感測元件，滴入葡萄糖濃度範圍0%-40%的葡萄糖進行濃度感測實驗，由實驗結果得知，NLPFG感測器頻譜波長對葡萄糖的靈敏度為-0.147 nm/%，線性度為0.938。另外利用S-shaped LPFG感測器搭配烷化技術固定葡萄糖氧化酶作為低濃度葡萄糖感測元件，滴入葡萄糖濃度範圍0%-1%的葡萄糖進行濃度感測實驗，實驗結果得到S-shaped LPFG感測器頻譜傳輸損耗對葡萄糖的最佳靈敏度為6.229 dB/%，線性度為0.949。由實驗結果發現，在隨著葡萄糖濃度的增加，長週期光纖光柵感測器的環境折射率也跟著改變，進而引起耦合係數發生變異，導致波長或傳輸損耗因葡萄糖濃度變化而產生線性的變化。上述實驗證明所開發的長週期光纖光柵感測器皆可作為多功能Lab on fiber感測平台的感測元件。

This study proposes a lab on fiber sensor and used the principles of long period fiber grating (LPFG) along with amine-modified nanoporous silica foam, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)-modified adsorbent, nickel metal, and glucose oxidase to develop a LPFG lab on fiber sensor for detecting carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, magnetic fields, and glucose concentrations. Three different sensors were used in the CO2 gas experiment due to the effects of the sensor coating. The results showed that the TEPA-modified adsorbent reacts with the CO2 gas after the introduction of the gas and that the transmission loss changes as the CO2 gas is added; when detecting 0%-15% CO2 gas, the highest sensitivity of the sensor was -0.089 dB/%.
An S-shaped metallic LPFG sensor was used in the magnetic field experiment. A NdFeB magnet was used to control the size of the magnetic field and a gaussmeter was used to measure the magnetic flux in order to analyze the spectral changes in the sensor in different magnetic fields. The results showed that an external magnetic load attracted the nickel structure, which changed the periodic metal structure, interrupting the refractive index of the LPFG structure and altering the coupling coefficient, which increased or decreased the transmission loss as the magnetic flux varied. The sensitivity of the magnetic field to the loss was -0.0098 dB/Gauss and R2 was 0.9797. Therefore, the S-shaped metallic LPFG sensor developed in this study can be used to detect magnetic fields.
Uncoated NLPFG was used at the sensing element in the glucose experiment. Glucose at concentrations of 0%-40% was added to test the sensor. The results showed that the glucose sensitivity of the NLPFG sensor spectral wavelength was -0.147 nm/% and linearity was 0.938. An S-shaped LPFG sensor that used alkylation technology to immobilize glucose oxidase was also used to detect low concentrations of glucose. Glucose at concentrations 0%-1% was added to test the sensor. The results showed that the highest glucose sensitivity of the S-shaped LPFG sensor spectral transmission loss was 6.229 nm/% and linearity was 0.949. The results of the experiments indicated that the LPFG sensor refractive index changed as glucose concentrations increased, altering the coupling coefficient and causing linear changes in wavelength or transmission loss. These experiments verified that the LPFG sensors developed in this study can be used as multi-functional lab on fiber sensing elements.

CHAPTERⅠ: INTRODUCTION 1
1-1 Motivation 1
1-2 Background Information 2
1-2.1 Literature Review of Long Period Fiber Grating Manufacturing Method 3
1-2.2 Literature Review of Optical Fiber and Long Period Fiber Grating Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor 6
1-2.3 Literature Review of Long Period Fiber Grating Magnetic Field Sensor 14
1-2.4 Literature Review of Optical Fiber Glucose Sensor 22
1-3 Thesis layout 36

CHAPTERⅡ: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY OF LONG PERIOD FIBER GRATING 38
2-1 Fundamental principle behind LPFG 38
2-2 Coupled-mode theory for LPFG with external forces 40
2-2.1 Coupled-mode theory 40
2-2.2 Coupling of photoresist LPFG 47

CHAPTERⅢ: RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURES 56
3-1 Optical fiber etching method and procedure 56
3-2 Long period fiber grating sensor process and procedure 57
3-2.1 Fabrication Process of Notched Long Period Fiber Grating (NLPFG) 57
3-2.2 Fabrication Process of the Notched Long Period Fiber Grating with the surface needle nanostructure 58
3-2.3 Fabrication Process of the Sandwiched long-period fiber grating (SLPFG) and S-shaped metallic long-period fiber grating 59
3-3 Electroforming process of S-shaped metallic LPFG 63
3-4 Preparation of amine-modified nanoporous silica foams 66
3-5 Coating sensing layer amine-modified nanoporous silica foams on LPFG sensor 67
3-6 Coating sensing layer glucose oxidase (GOD) on S-shaped LPFG sensor 67
3-7 Experimental methods and procedures 69
3-7.1 Preparation LPFG CO2 gas and glucose sensor chip 69
3-7.2 Long period fiber grating gas sensing experiment 70
3-7.3 S-shaped metallic long-period fiber grating (SMLPFG) magnetic field sensing experiment 71
3-7.4 Long period fiber grating glucose concentration sensing 72
3-7.4.1 NLPFG glucose concentration sensing 73
3-7.4.2 S-shaped LPFG glucose concentration sensing 74

CHAPTER Ⅳ: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 75
4-1 Long-period fiber grating CO2 gas sensing experiment 75
4-1.1 Notched long-period fiber grating (NLPFG) coated amine modified nanoporous silica foams for CO2 gas sensing 75
4-1.2 Notched long-period fiber grating (NLPFG) with an amine-modified surface needle nanostructure for carbon dioxide gas sensing 77
4-1.2.1 CO2 Gas-Sensing Cyclic Adsorption/Desorption Test 79
4-1.2.2 CO2 Gas Concentrations Sensing Test 82
4-1.3 Sandwiched long-period fiber grating (SLPFG) coated amine modified nanoporous silica foams for CO2 gas sensing 83
4-1.3.1 CO2 Gas-Sensing Cyclic Adsorption/Desorption Test 87
4-1.4 Comprehensive analysis of LPFG CO2 gas sensing experiment 88
4-2 Long-period fiber grating magnetic field sensing experiment 89
4-2.1 S-shaped metallic long-period fiber grating (SMLPFG) magnetic field sensing experiment 89
4-2.2 Magnetic field Sensing Cyclic Test 89
4-2.3 Comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field sensing results 95
4-3 Long period fiber grating glucose concentration sensing experiments 95
4-3.1 Notched long-period fiber grating (NLPFG) glucose concentration sensing experiment 95
4-3.2 S- shaped Long Period Fiber Grating Glucose Sensor 102
4-3.2.1 S- shaped Long Period Fiber Grating Glucose Sensing Experimental 102
4-3.2.2 Repeatability testing for S-shaped LPFG glucose sensing 103

CHAPTER Ｖ: CONCLUSIONS 108
5-1 Long period fiber grating carbon dioxide gas sensing experiment 108
5-1.1 Notched Long Period Fiber Grating Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor 108
5-1.2 Nanostructures Long Period Fiber Grating Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor 108
5-1.3 Sandwiched long - period fiber grating carbon dioxide gas sensor 109
5-2 S-shaped metallic long-period fiber grating magnetic field sensing experiment 109
5-3 Long Period Fiber Grating glucose sensing experiment 110
5-3.1 Notched Long Period Fiber Grating glucose Sensor 110
5-3.2 S-shaped Long-Period Fiber Grating Glucose Sensing Experiment 110

CHAPTER Ⅵ: FUTURE WORK 111
6.1 Multifunction Lab on fiber sensing platform 111
6.2 Lab on cell phone 111

REFERENCE 112

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