由於精神疾病屬慢性化的疾病，影響社會適應技巧，增加復原的困難度，當精神復健團隊協助病患回歸社區生活時，應提昇其因應環境變化的能力，並運用支持系統渡過生活的壓力與困境，本研究為橫斷式研究，目的為暸解康復之家慢性精神病患的社會支持與復原力的相關性，採問卷調查花蓮地區某精神科專科教學醫院附設康復之家的慢性精神病患，以150位康復之家慢性精神病患為收案對象，共發出問卷150份，有效問卷回收150份，有效回收率為100％，研究量表包括三大部分：基本資料、社會支持量表、復原力量表，資料以SPSS/PC 23.0進行獨立樣本t-test、ANOVA、Pearson積差相關，及複迴歸等統計分析。
研究結果顯示：（一）研究對象基本屬性男女各半，以平均年齡47.3
歲，有固定工作，未婚，高中職，宗教信仰為佛教/道教、家人來訪頻率半年一次，平均生病時間為17年，平均住院時間為13年，精神疾病診斷為思覺失調症，藥物副作用有，但不影響日常生活與活動為最多（二）社會支持方面：慢性精神病患來自機構工作人員的社會支持以年齡在45-54歲之間、信仰基督教/天主教者較高；感受到來自家人的社會支持以女性、未婚、大學以上、家人來訪頻率1-3個月來一次較高；感受到來自親戚朋友的社會支持以病患生病時間31-40年較高。（三）復原力方面：有固定工作者的復原力較高。（四）康復之家慢性精神病患社會支持來源包括家人、親戚朋友、機構工作人員與復原力均呈現顯著正相關。（五）康復之家慢性精神病患復原力的主要影響因素，包括家人的社會支持、機構工作人員的社會支持、及職業。
本研究結果可作為精神醫療團隊成員，在未來提供精神病患復健服務時的參考依據，強化其社會支持的功能與來源並提供適切之職業復健，有助於提升復原力與回歸社區之能力。

Mental illness is a chronic disease that affects social adaptive skills and increases the difficulty for recovery. When the mental rehabilitation team helps patients return to community life, they should enhance their ability to respond to environmental changes and teach them how to use utilize resources to deal with their life dilemmas.
This cross sectional study was designed to explore the relationship between the social support and reslience of the patients with chronic mental illness in halfway house . A questionnaire was developed to for related issues in this study the psychiatric patients in the psychiatric college of Hualien District . A total of 150 chronic mental Illness patients from the Halfway House affiliated with psychiatric teaching hospital in Hualien County were enlisted to participate in this study and all patients completed the study.
The questionnaire includes three parts: basic information, social support scale, and CD-RISC. The data was analyzed by SPSS / PC 23.0 , t-test, ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and Multiple Regression analysis.
The results are (i) basic information : a one to one ratio of female to male participants ; the average age is 47.3 years old ; most patients have regular full time jobs ; single unmarried ; high school education ;religious beliefs are Buddhism / Taoism predominantly ; average frequency of family visits is every six months ; duration of mental illness is 17 years ; average length of psychiatric hospitalization is 13 years ; Most are diagnosed as schizophrenia ; most patients had experience of drug side effects without affecting daily life activities.
(ii) Social support scale: Chronic mentally-illed subjects who are aged of between 45-54 years old, and Christian/Catholic appears to have more social support from Institutional staff ; patients who are women, unmarried, university educated and have family visiting of frequencies of 1-3 months have more support from families. Mental illness duration of 31-40 years group feel more support from friends.
(iii) Reslience factor: employed patients have better Reslience than unemployed ones.
(iv) mentally-illed patients in halfway house who receives social support from families, friends, and Institutional staff has a positive reslience factor.
(v) The main influencing factors of the reslience of mentally-illed patients include the social support of the family and that members and that of the staff , and the occupation.
The results of this study provide a reference for community psychiatric team members regarding future patient rehabilitation services, to enhance patients’ social support system and to escalate the ability of their ability to return to the community.

目次
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………… ⅲ
致謝………………………………………………………………………… ⅴ
目次………………………………………………………………………… ⅵ
表次………………………………………………………………………… ⅸ
圖次………………………………………………………………………… ⅹ
第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 …………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的 …………………………………………………… 3
第三節 研究問題 …………………………………………………… 4
第四節 研究假設 …………………………………………………… 4
第五節 研究流程 …………………………………………………… 5
第六節 名詞界定 …………………………………………………… 7
第二章 文獻查證 ………………………………………………………… 11
第一節 慢性精神病患 ……………………………………………… 11
第二節 康復之家 …………………………………………………… 18
第三節 社會支持 …………………………………………………… 20
第四節 復原力 ……………………………………………………… 29
第五節 社會支持與精神復原的相關性 …………………………… 41
第三章 研究設計與方法 ………………………………………………… 44
第一節 研究架構 …………………………………………………… 44
第二節 研究對象及場所 …………………………………………… 46
第三節 研究工具 …………………………………………………… 47
第四節 樣本數估算 ………………………………………………… 52
第五節 研究收集與統計分析 ……………………………………… 53
第四章 研究結果 ………………………………………………………… 58
第一節 社會人口學特性與相關因素 ……………………………… 58
第二節 社會支持現況與復原力 …………………………………… 64
第三節 資料常態檢定 ……………………………………………… 72
第四節 社會人口學變項及疾病相關因素與社會支持之差異情形73
第五節 社會人口學變項及疾病相關因素與復原力之差異情形80
第六節 社會支持與復原力之間的相關性…………………………… 85
第七節 社會支持與復原力之主要影響因素………………………… 86
第五章 討論 ……………………………………………………………… 89
第一節 康復之家慢性精神病患社會支持及復原力之現況 ……… 89
第二節 康復之家慢性精神病患社會人口學變項對社會支持之關係100
第三節 康復之家慢性精神病患社會人口學變項與復原力之關係… 105
第四節 康復之家慢性精神病患社會支持與復原力之相關性……… 109
第五節 康復之家慢性精神病患社會人口學變項、社會支持對復原力
之影響因素 ………………………………………………… 110
第六章 結論與建議 ……………………………………………………… 111
第一節 結論 ………………………………………………………… 111
第二節 研究結果應用與建議 ……………………………………… 114
第三節 研究限制 …………………………………………………… 118
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………… 120
附錄 ……………………………………………………………………… 140
附錄一 參與研究同意書 …………………………………………… 140
附錄二 研究問卷 …………………………………………………… 141
附錄三 社會支持量表使用同意授權書 …………………………… 145
附錄四 復原力量表使用同意授權書 ……………………………… 146
附錄五 安泰醫院人體試驗委員會同意臨床試驗證明 …………… 147

中文部分
王翊涵、尚和華（2016）•協助精障者社區融合：康復之家推展精障者社區融合經驗初探•台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊， 6（1），139–174。[Wang, Y. H., & Shang, H. H. (2016).Helping People with Mental Illness for Social Inclusion: Exploring the Experiences of Promoting Social Inclusion in Halfway Houses. Taiwan Journal of Community Work and Community Studies, 6（1）, 139–174.]
王琡棻、盧台華（2014）•國小資優生與一般生復原力保護因子之比較研究•中華輔導與諮商學報，40，1–26。[Wang, S. F., & Lu, T.H. (2014).A comparative study of gifted elementary school students’ and non-gifted students’ resilience protective factors. Chinese Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 40, 1–26.]
王鴻志、江志正（2012）•臺中市國民小學校長復原力之研究•教育理論
與實踐學刊，26，32–69。[Wang, H., & Jiang, Z. (2012). A Study on the resilience of elementary school principals in Taichung City. Human Rights Education, 26, 32–69.]
戎瑾如、楊翠媛、劉玟宜、洪翠妹、洪芬芳、蕭淑貞（2008）．探討社區精神衛生護理能力鑑定模式．精神衛生護理雜誌，3（2），1–9。[Rong,J. R., Yang, T. Y., Laiu, W. I., Hung, T. M., Hung, F. F., & Shiau, S. J. (2008) . Nursing care experience in assisting a chronic schizophrenia patient to return to work. Yuan Yuan Nur sing, 6(1), 65–74.]
向肇英、李介志、鄭素月（2014）•更年期婦女症狀困擾、復原力、家庭支持對其身心健康影響之探討•新臺北護理期刊，16（2），31–41。[Hsiang, C. Y,. Lee. J. z., & Cheng, S. Y. (2014). The effect of symptom distress,resilience,and family support on health Status of menopausal women. New Taipei Journal of Nursing, 16(2),31–41.]doi:10.6540/NTJN.2014.2.004
宋麗玉（2005）．精神障礙者之復健與復元－一個積極正向的觀點．中華心理衛生學刊，18（4），1–29。[Song, L. Y. (2005). Rehabilitation and recovery of persons with psychiatric disability －a progressive and positive perspective. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 18(4), 1–29.]
吳沛妤、譚子文、董旭英（2012）．家庭暴力經驗、復原力與台南市都會區國中生自我傷害行為之關聯性研究．青少年犯罪防治研究期刊，4
（2），69–108。[Wu, P. Y ., Tan T. W., & Tung, Y. Y. (2012). The relationships among experiences of family violence, resilience and adolescent self-injurious. Journal of Research in Delinquency and Prevention, 4(2), 69–108.]
余佩郁(2002)．社會支持在長期照顧之簡介．榮總護理，19(3)，338-340 。[Yu, P. W. (2002). Social suport in the introduction of long-term care. VGH Nursing, 19(3), 338–340.]

沈宜慧、張承淯（2012）．照顧一位慢性精神分裂症病人重返職場照護之護理經驗．源遠護理，6（1），65–74。[Shan, Y. H., & Chang, C. Y. (2012). Nursing care experience in assisting a chronic schizophrenia patient to return to work. Yuan Yuan Nursing, 6(1), 65–74.]
何秀玉、李雅玲、胡文郁（2012）．老人復原力之概念分析．護理雜誌，59（2），88–89。[Ho, H. Y., Lee, Y. L., Hu, W. Y. (2012). Elder Resilience: A Concept Analysis. The Journal Nursing, 59(2), 88–89.]doi:10.6224/JN.59.2.87
李昭憲、許秀月、李雅卿（2013）．探討康復之家精神分裂症患者生活品質之相關因素．美和學報，32（1），27–29。[Lee, H. L., Hsu, H.Y., & Lee, Y. C. (2013). Demographic influences on quality of life among patient with schizophrenia in halfway house. Journal of Meiho University,32(1), 27–29.]
李雅萍、程敏華、邱雅芳（2014）．脊髓損傷個案之社會支持程度及相關因素探討．醫務管理期刊，15（1），1–16。[Lee, Y. P., Cheng, M.H., & Chiou, Y. F. (2014). The Study of Social Support Level and Effects in Persons with Spinal Cord injury. Journal of Healthcare Management, 15(1), 1–16.]
邱浩政（2011）．量化研究與統計分析：SPSS/PASW資料分析範例解析（五版）．台北：五南。[Chiou, H. J. (2011). Quantitative research and statistical analysis：SPSS/PASW data analysis examples rsolve (Fifth edition), Taipei：Wunan.]
林盈萍（2009）．復健期慢性精神病患社區生活功能與生活品質之相關因素探討（未發表的碩士論文）．台北市：國立台北護理學院護理研究
所。[Lin, Y. P. (2009). Relevant factors of life function and quality of life of chronic mental patients in the rehabilitation period (Unpublished master’s thesis).
National Taipei Nursing College, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.]
林靜蘭、黃秀梨（2011）．衛生所之社區精神衛生工作的挑戰與機會．護理雜誌，58（3），80–86。[Lin, C. L., & Huang, H. L. (2011). Opportunities and challenges forcommunity healthcare center psychiatric care. The Journalof Nursing, 58(3), 80–86.] doi:10.6224/JN.58.3.80
周淑華、陳筱瑀、賴嘉祥（2008）．脊髓損傷者之憂鬱程度及其相關因素之探討．實證護理，4（4），318–326。[Chou, H. C., Chen, H. Y., & Lai, H. L., (2008). Factors related to depression in patients with spinal cord injuries, Journal of Evidence-Based Nursing, 4(4), 318–326.] doi:10.6225/JEBN.4.4.318
范雅琪、陳美碧、林寬佳、白雅美、魏秀靜（2014）．思覺失調症病患之主要照顧者復原力與健康狀態之探討．護理雜誌，61（6），29–38。
[Fan, Y. C., Chen, M. B., Lin, K. C., Bai, Y. M., & Wei, S.J. (2014). The resilience and health status of primary caregivers of schizophrenia patients. The Journal of Nursing, 61(6), 29–38.] doi:10.6224/JN.61.6.29
施雅雯、王瓊瑤、楊子慧、謝佳容（2009）．探討精神康復之家中消費者的照顧需求．精神衛生護理雜誌，4（1），19–26。[Shin, Y. W., Wang, C. Y., Yang, T. H., & Hsieh, C. J. (2019). Exploring the care need of psychiatric patients undergoing rehabilitation in halfway house. The Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 4(1), 19–26.]
徐畢卿（2014）．精神衛生護理研究的新視角—再訪兒童復原力．護理雜誌，61（1）14–15。[Shu, B. C. (2014). New perspective on
psychiatric mental health nursing research: Revisiting the resilience of children. The Journal of Nursing,61(1), 14–15.] doi:10.6224/JN.61.1.11
唐善美、王瑞霞、Diane Berry、陳美芳（2012）．青少年復原力概念分析－以第Ｉ型糖尿病青少年為例．志為護理，12（2），59–60。[Tang,S. M., Wang, R. H., Diane Berry., Chen, M. F. (2012). Conpept analysis of resilience in adolescence: A Case of Adolescent with TypeＩiabetes. TZU CHI Nursing Journal, 12(2), 59–60.]
高琳雅、陳秀蓉（2015）．血液透析患者在不同透析期間下資源流失、復原力與疾病因應間的關聯．中華心理衛生學刊，2，221–255。[Gao, C. Y., & Chen.H.J. (2015). Exploring the association of resources loss, resilience, and disease coping of hemodialysis survivors under various Time Durations. Chinese Journal of Psych ology, 2 , 221–255.]
陳巧珊（2014）．社區復健模式對精神分裂症患者在入院風險影響．澄清醫護管理雜誌，10（1），26–32。[Chen, C. H. (2014). The influence of community psychiatric rehabilitation on readmission among patients with schizophrenia. CHENG CHING MEDICAL Journal, 10(1), 26–32.]
陳琇惠（2012）．老人社會支持與生活滿意度之研究－以南投縣為例．人文社會科學研究，6（4），100–127。[Chen, H. H. (2012). The Study on the social supports and life satisfaction for elderly in nantou county. NPUST Humanities and Social Science Research,6(4),100–127.]
陳萩芬、林麗瑞、李易駿（2013）．精神障礙者社區就業歷程之個案研究．台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊，3（1），23–60。[Chen, C. F. (2013). A case－study about the employment in community for the mental disability. Journal of Comm-unity Work and Community Studies,3(1), 23–60.]
曾洙荔（2003）．慢性精神病患社區復健成效探討（未發表的碩博士論文）花蓮市：慈濟大學護理研究所。[Chen, C. H. (2014). The effect ofCommunity rehabilitation for chronic psychotic patien（Unpublished master's thesis）. Tzu Chi university, Hualien City, Taiwan, ROC.]
黃美意、林惠賢、蘇淑芳、許秀月（2011）•慢性精神分裂症病患自我效能與自我照顧能力之相關因素探討：以男性精神分裂症為例•精神衛生護理雜誌，5（1），1-12。[Hwang , M. Y., & Lin, H. S.(2011).Exploring Factors of Correlation Between Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Capabilities in Male Patients of Chronic Schizophrenia. Psychiatric Me ntal Health Nurses, 5（1）, 1-12.]
黃芬蘭、陳漢湘（2005）•血液透析患者的社會支持•腎臟與透析，17（4），223-225。[Huang , F. L., & Chen, H. X. S. (2005). Social Support in hemodialysis patients. Kindey and Dialysis, 17(4), 223–225.]doi:10.6340/KD.2005（4）.12
黃智玉、陳如容、鄭淦元、宋素卿（2014）•探討慢性精神病人之復原力及其相關因素•護理暨健康照護研究，10(2)，154−163。[Huang, C. Y.,Chen, R. R., Cheng, K. Y., & Sung, S. C. (2014). Exploring resilience and its related factors in patients with chronic mental illness. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare Researc h,10(2), 154−163.] doi:10.6225/JNHR
.10.2.154
黃瑞琦（2001）．社區精神分裂症病患之病識感、社會支持與生活適應（未發表的碩博士論文）．高雄市：高雄醫學大學護理研究所。[Huang, R.J. (2001). Insight, Social support, and life Adlustment of schizophrenic patients in the community
（Unpublished master' sthesis）. Kaohsiung Medical university School of Nursing, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.]
黃寶園（2010）•社會支持在壓力反應歷程中的中介效果•中華心理衛生
學刊，23（3），401−436。[Huang, B. Y. (2010). The mediatory effect of social support in the stress－response proceoss. Formosa Journal of Mental Health , 23（3）, 401−436.]
程素足、呂芬金頃、姚文真、曾翠華（2013）．協助一位慢性精神分裂症病患回歸社區生活之護理經驗．新臺北護理期刊，15（1），89－99。 [Change, S. T., Liu, F. C., Yau, W. J., Tseng, T. H. (2013). The nursing experience of helping a patient with chronic schizophrenia to return the community. New Taipei Journal of Nursing , 15(1), 89－99.]
葉俞佐（2012）．慢性精神障礙者社會支持與活動參與之相關性研究（未發表的碩博士論文）．台北市：國立台灣師範大學復健諮商研究所。[Yeh, Y. Z. (2012). A study on the correlation between social support and participation in chronic mental disorde（Unpublished master's thesis）. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.]
葉淑娟、施智婷、莊智薰、蔡淑鳳（2004）．社會支持系統與老人生活滿意度之關係---以高雄市老人為例．中山管理評論，12（2），399-427。[Yeh, S. C., Shih, C. T., Chuang, C. H., Fsay, S. F. (2004). The relationship between social supports and life satisfaction for elderly in Kaohsiung. Sun Yat-Sen Management, 12(2), 399－427.]
張俊一（2008）．探索老年人的運動休閒經驗－社會網絡取向的質性研究（未發表的碩博士論文）桃園縣：國立台灣體育大學研究所。[Chang,C. Y. (2008). To explore the leisure experiences of the older adults: A qualitative research of social network approach（Unpublished master's thesis）. National Taiwan university of Sport, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.]
張朝琴（2014）•從復健到復元－以新竹市某康復之家住民為例•通識論
叢，17，60−80。[Chang, C. C. (2014). From rehabilitation to recovery－An example of rehabilitation home residents in hsinchu. Journal of General Education , 17, 60−80.]
盛鈞君（2005）．精神分裂症患者之社會支持與社會功能之研究-以台北市康復之家為例（未發表的碩博士論文）．花蓮市：慈濟大學社會工作研究所。[Wan, J. J. (2005). A Reserch on the social support and the social function of the schizophreics in the case of half-way house in Taipei（Unpublished master'
sthesis）. Tzu Chi university, Hualien City, Taiwan, ROC.]
溫雅蘭（2012）．肺癌病人術後復原力之變化趨勢及其相關因素（未發表的碩士論文）．台北市：國防醫學院護理學研究所。[Wen, Y. L. (2012).The change trend of resilience and its related factors in lung cancer patients after Surgery(Unpublished master’s thesis). National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.]
楊蕙菱（2009）•老年癌症患者憂鬱症狀、自尊、復原力及其相關因素探討(未發表的碩士論文)•台北市：台北醫學大學護理研究所。[Young,
H. L. (2009). Depressive symptoms, self-esteem, resilience and related factors among older adults with cancer (Unpublished master’s thesis).Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.]
劉玉雲（1998）．精神分裂症病患之疾病不確定感及其相關因素探討（未發表的碩博士論文）．台北市：國立台灣大學護理研究所。[Liu,Y. Y.(1998). The related factors of perceived uncertainty in illness for patients with schizophrenia
（Unpublished master's thesis） National Tiawanuniversity, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.]
劉月敏、謝湘俐、駱敏淑、馬麗卿、張宏哲（2010）．血液透析患者的復原力與社會支持．臺灣腎臟護理學會雜誌，9（1），33－43。[Liu, Y.M., Hsieh, H. L., Luo, M. S., Ma, L. C., & Chang, H. J. (2010). The Resilience And social support systems for hemodialysis patients. Journal of Taiwan Nephrology Nurses Association, 9(1),33－43.]
劉幸愉、林美伶、馬維芬（2016）．運用復原理論改善思覺失調症病人自傷行為之護理經驗．精神衛生護理雜誌，10（1），26－27。 [Liu, H. Y., Lin, M. L., & Ma, W. F. (2016). A nursing experience of using recovery theory to improve the patient having self－harm behavior. The Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses, 10(1), 26－27.]
劉素芬（2011）•社會功能與社區慢性精神病人復元之相關性研究－以社區復健中心與康復之家為例•台大社會工作學刊，23，137−180。[Liu,X., & Chiou, C. J. (2012). A correlation study of social functioning and recovery on community mental health patients: examples of community mental health centers and halfway houses. NTU Social Work Review, 23, 137−180.]doi:10.6171/ntuswr2011. 23.04
劉萱、邱啟潤（2012）•長照機構之老年住民復原力及其相關因素探討•
護理暨健康照護研究，8(3)，179−190。[Liu, X., & Chiou, C. J. (2012).Theresilience of elderly residents in long-term care facilities and related factors. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare Research,8(3),179−190.]doi:10.6225/JNHR.08
.3.179
衛生福利部統計處（2014，8月）．精神衛生法及子法規．取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOMHAOH/DM1_P.aspxf_list_no=182&fod_list_no=3600&doc_no=46149
衛生福利部統計處（2015，11月）．身心障礙類別．取自http : // www.mohw.gov.tw/CHT/Ministry/SearchList.aspxq=%e7%b2%be%e7%a5%9e%e7%96%be%e7%97%85%e7%9a%84%e7%ad%89%e7%b4%9ª
衛生福利部統計處（2015，11月）．身心障礙者人數案新舊制分．取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/CHT/DOS/DisplayStatisticFile.aspx?d=31925
衛生福利部統計處（2017，5月）．精神疾病患者門、住診人數統計-按性別及年齡分．取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/CHT/DOS/Statistic. aspx?f_list_no＝312＆fod_list_no=5996
衛生福利部（2017，5月）．臺灣精神衛生體系之發展與社區復健．取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/dl-572-975e584a-2fdc-4f77-aa0f-bf4ad540d4c4.html
謝美惠、王敏行（2013）．中文「慢性精神病患者工作行為量表」信效度研究．復健諮商，6，53－76。[Hsieh, M. H., Wang, M. H. (2013). Study in reliability and validity of the chiness work behavior inventory for individuals with mental illness . Rehabilitation Counseling, 6, 53−76.]
闕昀珮、張東杰、 林秀峰、游靜宜、鄭夙芬、康仲然、陳一豪（2011
）．口腔癌病患社會支持、憂鬱焦慮之探討與社會支持介入之影響．台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌，46（6），329－339。[Chueh, Y. P., Chang, J. T., Linl. H. F., Yu. C.Y., Chengl. S. F., Kang. Z. R., & Chen,I. H. (2011).
Impact of social support service on the anxiety and depression of oral cavity cancer patients . Taiwan Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 46（6）, 329−339.]
譚水桃、張曼莉、孫利娜、金巧紅、郁鵬程（2009）．不同心理復原力中學生家庭環境因子比較．中國學校衛生，30（2），144－146。[Tan, S.T., Zhang, M. L., Sun, L. N., Chin, C. H., & Yu, P. C. (2009). Comparison of differentfamily environment factors on psychological resilience of middle school students. Chinese Journal of School, 30 (2), 144－146.]
英文部份
Andersen, J., Larsen, J. K., Krner, A., Nielsen, B. M., Schultz,V., Behnke, K., & Bjrum, N. (1986). The brief psychiatric rating scale: schizophrenia, reliability and validity studies. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 40(2), 135−138.doi:10.3109/08039488609096456
Anthony, W., Cohen, M., Farkas, M., & Gagne, C. (2002). Psychiatric rehabilitation.Boston.US: Center for psychiatric Rehabilitation,Boston University.Buchanan, J. (1995). Social support and schizophrenia：A review of the
literature.Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , 9(2), 68–76.
Caltabiano, M. L., & Caltabiano, N. J. (2006). Resilience and health outcomes in the elderly. 39th Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Gerontology.Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Australian
Association of Gerontology, Sydney, Australia.Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and Refinement of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 1019-1028.
Caplan, G. (1974). Support systems and community mental health Lectures on concept development. New York Behavioral Publication.
Cersswell, C., Kuipers, L., & Power, M. (1992). Social network and support in long-term psychiatric. Psychological Medicine, 22(4), 1019–1026.
Chan,I. W. S., Lai, J. C. L., & Wong, K. W. N. (2006). Resilience is associated with better recovery in Chinese people diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Psychology & Health,21(3), 335–349.doi:10.1080/14768320500215137
Chiba, R., Miyamoto, Y., & Kawakami, N. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the recovery assessment scale (RAS) for people with chronic mental illness: Scale development. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(3),314−322.doi:10.1016/j.ijnurst.2009.07.006
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a mediator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300-314.
Connor, K.M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depressi-on and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
Davidson, J., Stein, D. J., Rothbaum, B. O., Pedersen, R., Szumski,A., & Baldwin, D. S. (2012). Resilience as a predictor of treatment response in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder treated with venlafaxine extended release or placebo. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26(6), 778−783.doi:10.1177/0269881111413821
Dickerson, F. B., Parente, F., & Ringel, N. (2000). The relationship Among three measures of social functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(12), 1509-1519.
Dunn, E. C., Wewiorski, N. J., & Rogers, E. S. (2008). The meaning And importance of employment to people in recovery from serious mental illness: results of a qualitative study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 32(1), 59-62.
Dyer, J. G., & McGuinness, T. M. (1996). Resilience: Analysis of the concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(5), 276－282. doi:10.1016/S08839417 (96)80036-7
Faccincani, C., & Mignolli, G., & Platt. s.(1990).Service utilization social support and psychiatric status a cohort of patients with schizophrenia psychosis-a 7 year follow-up study. Schizophrenia Research, 3, 139－146.
Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions,concepts and theory. European Psychologist, 18(1),12-23.
Hamelsky, S. W., & Lipton R. B . (2006). Psychiatric comorbidity of migraine. Headache, 46, 1327-1333.
Hardy, S. E., Concato, J., & Gill, T., M. (2004). Resilience of community-dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2), 257-262.doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52065.x
Heller, K., Swiindle, R. W., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component of social support processes: Comment and intergration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 466-470. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.54.4.466
Hirsch, B. J. (1980). Natural support systems and coping with major Life changes. American Journal of Community Psychology, 8, 159-172.
House, J. S., Kahn, R. L., McLeod, J. D., & Williams, D. (1985). Measures and concepts of social support. Social support and health, 21, 83-105.
Jung, Y. E., Min, J. A., Shin, A. Y., Han, S. Y., Lee, K. U., & Kim, T. S., Chae, J. H. (2012). The Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: An extended validation.Stress & Health, 28(4), 319−326.doi:10.1002/
smi.1436
Kalan, B. H., Casssel, J. C., & Gore, S. (1979). Social support and health. Medical Care, 15, 47－58.
Kent,S., & Yellowlees, P. (1994). social support from a Friend, perceived support, and social problem solving. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(6), 811-824.
Lamond, A. J., Depp, C., Allison, M., Langer, R., Reichstadt, J. Moore, D. J., Jeste, D. V. (2008). Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43 (2), 148－154.doi:10.1016/j. jpsychires.2008.03.007
Lazarus, A. (2004). Relationships among indicators of child and family resilience and adjustment (Working Paper No. 30). Atlanta, GA: The Emory Center for Myth and Ritual in American Life.
Letvak, S. (2002). The importance of social for rural mental health.Metal Health Nursing, 23, 249-261.
Leucht, S., Kane, J. M., Kissling, W., Hamann, J., Etschel, E., & Engel, R. (2005). Clinical implications of brief psychiatric rating scale scores. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187,366−371.doi:10.1192/bjp.187.4.366
Macdonald, E.M., Hayes, R. L., & Baglioni Jr, A.J. (2000). The quantity and Auality of the social networks of young people with early psychosis compared with closely matched controls. Schizophrenia Research, 30, 25− 30.
Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research(5th ed., pp. 259−284). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William &Wilkins.
Netuveli, G., Wiggins, R. D., Montgomery, S. M., Hildon, Z., & Blane,D.(2008) . Mental health and resilience at older ages:Bouncing back after adversity in the British household panel survey. Journal of Epidemiology &
Community Health, 62(11), 987–991.doi:10.1136/jech
.2007.069138
Norbeck, J. S., Lindsey, A. M., & Carrieri, V. L. (1981). The development of an instrument to measure social support. Nursing Research, 30(5), 264-269.
Olsson, C. A., Bond, L., Burns, J. M., Vella-Brodrick, D. A.,& Sawyer, S. M. (2003). Adolescent resilience: A concept analysis. Journal Of Adolescence,26(1), 1−11.doi:10.1016/S0140-1971(02)00118-5
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale.
Psychological Report, 10(3), 799−812.doi:10.2466/pr0 .1962.10.3.799
Pharoah, F., Mari, J. J., Rathbone, J., & Wong, W. (2010). Family intervention for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12, Art.No: CD000088.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000088.pub3
Rogers, E. S., Chamberlain, J., Ellison, M. L., & Crean, T.‘Aconsumer-con-structed scale to measure empowerment among users of mental health services.’Psychiatric Services 48（1997）, pp.1042-1047.
Sarson, I. G., Basham, R. B., Levine, H. M., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support questionnaire. Journal of Pesonality and Social Psychological, 44(1), 127-139.
Scali, J., Gandubert, C., Ritchie, K., Soulier, M., Ancelin, M.L., Chaudieu, I. (2012). Measuring resilience in adult women using the 10-items Connor - Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Role of trauma exposure and anxiety disorders. Plos One, 7(6), e39879.
Schure, M. B., Odden, M., & Goins, R. T. (2013). The association of Resilience with mental and physical health among older American indians:the native elder care study. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 20(2), 27–41.doi:10.5820/aian.2002.2013.27
Simmons, S. （1994）.“Social Network: Their Relevance to Mental Health Nursing”, Journal of Advanced Nursing , 16, p.1456-1461
Soper, D. S. (2016). A-priori sample size calculator for multiple regression〔Software〕. Available from http：//www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
Sörgaard, K. W., Hansson, L., Heikkilä, J., Vinding, H. R., Bjarnason, O., Bengtsson-Tops, A., Merinder, L, Nilsson, L. L., Sandlund, M., & Middelboe, T. (2001). Predictors of social relations in persons with schizophrenia living in the community: A Nordic multicentre study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36(1), 13-19.
Spaniol, L., Weweiorski, N. J., Gagne, C., and Anthony, W. A. (2002). The process ofrecovery from schizophrenia. International Recovery Psychiatry, 14, 327-336.
Suresky, M. J., Zauszniewski, J. A., & Bekhet, A. K.(2008). Sense of coherence and quality of life in women family members of the seriously mentally ill. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(3), 265–278. Doi:10.1080/01612840701869601
Szanton, S. L., Gill, J. M., & Thorpe, R. J., Jr. (2010). The society-to-cells mo－del of resilience in older adults. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics,30(1),5–34.doi:10.1891/0198-8794.30.5
Wagnild, G., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric Evaluation of the resilience scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165－178.
Wagnild, G. (2003). Resilience and successful aging: Comparison among low and high income older adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 29(12), 42－49.
Wang, L., Shi, Z. B., Zhang, Y. Q., & Zhang. Z. (2010).
Psychometric properties of the 10-item Conner-Davidson resilience scale in Chinese earthquake victims. Psychiatric and Clinical Neurosciences, 64, 499-504.
Wilder-Willis, K. E., Shear, P. K., Steffen, J. J., & Borkin, J. (2002). The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and coping abilities in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 55,259-267.
Wing, J. K. (1990). Meeting the needs of people with psychiatric disorders.
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25,2-8.
Yu, X. N., Lau, J. T. F. Mak, W. W. S., Zhang, J., Lui, W. W. S.,& Zhang, J. (2011). Fa-ctor structure and psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Chinese adolescents.Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(2), 218－224.doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.05.010
Zolkoski, S. M., & Bullock, L. M. (2012). Resilience in children andyouth: Areview.Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12), 2295－2303.doi:10. 1016/j.childyouth
.2012.08.009