臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文第一部分，搭配不同共軛受體單元已經成為改變共軛高分子能階的好方法。在此，我們發現四種以indacenodithiophene（IDT）為主體的施體受體交錯共軛高分子。藉由搭配上不同受體單元( difluorobenzothiadizole: PIDTHT-FBT, difluoroquinoxaline: PIDTHT-QF, dicyanoquinoxaline PIDTHT-QCN, diketopyrrolopyrrole : PIDTHT-DPP) 來研究不同受體單元對IDT高分子的光電性能（吸收光譜、能級、空穴遷移率）和太陽能電池元件性能的影響。導入n -hexylthiophene鏈段，我們觀察到高分子的有更深的最高佔據分子軌道（HOMO）能階。我們也觀察到以PIDTHT-QF高分子作為電子施體的元件其最佳光電轉換效率（PCE）為5.2％。我們的研究結果表明具有合適受體單元的IDT高分子是非常有潛力的主動層材料。
第二部分則是發現將Jeffamines（工業聚醚胺衍生物）作為界面層（IFL）可以有效提高有機太陽能電池（OPV）的性能。我們使用了具有單胺或二胺結構與不同比例的環氧丙烷（PO）及環氧乙烷(EO)的四種Jeffamine 作為有機太陽能電池的陰極修飾層。 Jeffamine 可以修飾ZnO 的性能，改善了電子傳輸與提取的能力，從而使ZnO 層成為更有效的電子傳輸層。結構為玻璃/銦錫氧化物（ITO）/ ZnO（含或不含Jeffamine）/ PTB7：PC71BM / MoO3 / Ag 的倒置有機太陽能電池在AM 1.5G 太陽光（1000Wm-2）照明下的光電轉換效率（PCE）從8.1±0.49 增加到8.6±0.32％，其中含有Jeffamine-D2000 元件最佳的有機太陽能電池元件其效率可達9.1％，並表現出特別高的FF 為74.2％。

In the first part of this study, we know that the conjugated side chain has been regonized as a good way to change the energy levels of conjugated polymers. Here, we found four indacenodithiophene (IDT) based side chain conjugated donor-acceptor alternating polymers. Various acceptors units (difluorobenzothiadizole: PIDTHT-FBT, difluoroquinoxaline: PIDTHT-QF, dicyanoquinoxaline PIDTHT-QCN, diketopyrrolopyrrole : PIDTHT-DPP) were introduced to investigate the effect of conjugated side chains on their optoelectronic (absorption spectra, energy levels, space charge limited current (SCLC) hole mobility,) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) properties. We observed the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of polymers when incorporated the alkyl−thiophene side chain. We observed the best power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 5.2% for this type of PIDTHT-QF based device. Our findings suggest that side chain conjugated (or called 2−Diminsional) IDT polymers with suitable electron-withdrawing groups are promising photovoltaic materials.
For the second part of this study, we have found that interfacial layers (IFLs) based on Jeffamines (industrial polyetheramine derivatives) can improve the performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). We evaluated four different Jeffamines (average molecular weight: 2000 g mol–1)—M2005, M2070, D2000, and ED-2003—having either a monoamine or diamine structure and various ratios of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) for their suitability as IF materials for OPV applications. The presence of the Jeffamine altered the work function of ZnO and improved the electron transport, thereby causing the ZnO layers to function more efficiently as electron-selective electrodes. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of inverted devices having the layered configuration glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO (with or without the Jeffamine)/PTB7:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag increased from 8.1 ± 0.49 to 8.6 ± 0.32% when containing the Jeffamine-D2000 under illumination with AM 1.5G solar light (1000 W m–2), the result of a significantly increased fill factor (FF). The greatest OPV performance was that of the device incorporating Jeffamine-D2000—a PCE of 9.1% and a remarkable FF of 74.2%.

目錄
明志科技大學碩士學位論文指導教授推薦書 i
明志科技大學碩士學位論文口試委員審定書 ii
誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vii
表索引 x
圖索引 xi
Part Ⅰ
不同側鏈的共軛高分子對於有機太陽能電池性能之影響 1
第一章緒論 2
1-1 前言 2
1-2 有機太陽能電池簡介 4
1-2-1 有機太陽能電池優勢 4
1-2-2 元件結構 5
1-2-3 發電原理 7
1-2-4 光電轉換效率定義 8
1-2-5 提升光電轉換效率(材料) 9
1-3 文獻回顧 11
1-3-1 IDT共軛高分子 11
1-3-2 不同受體單元 12
1-4 研究動機及目的 19
第二章 實驗 20
2-1 實驗設計 20
2-2性質分析 21
2-2-1 材料基本性質分析 21
2-2-2 光電性質分析 22
2-2-3 表面型態分析 22
2-2-4 電性質分析 23
2-3 實驗步驟 24
2-3-1 有機太陽電池元件製備 24
2-3-2 表面型態分析試片製備 25
2-3-3 載子遷移率分析試片製備 25
第三章 結果與討論 26
3-1 材料基本性質 26
3-2 光電性質分析 29
3-3 表面型態分析 31
3-4 電性質分析 33
第四章 結論 34
第五章 參考文獻 35
Part Ⅱ
藉由界面工程提升倒置有機太陽能電池的性能 38
第一章 緒論 39
1-1 提升光電轉換效率(工程) 39
1-2 文獻回顧 40
1-3 研究動機及目的 48
第二章 實驗 49
2-1 實驗設計 49
2-2 性質分析 49
2-2-1 表面型態分析 49
2-2-2 光電性質分析 50
2-2-3 電性質分析 51
2-3 實驗步驟 52
2-3-1 有機太陽電池元件製備 52
2-3-2 表面型態分析試片製備 53
2-3-3 載子遷移率分析試片製備 53
第三章 結果與討論 55
3-1 表面型態分析 55
3-2 光電性質分析 56
3-3 主動層型態分析 59
3-4 電性質分析 61
第四章 結論 63
第五章 參考文獻 64
表索引
Part Ⅰ
不同側鏈的共軛高分子對於有機太陽能電池性能之影響
表2- 1 高分子最佳效率的實驗條件 24
表3- 1不同IDT衍生高分子的基本性質 26
表3- 2不同IDT衍生高分子的光電轉換效率 30
Part Ⅱ
藉由界面工程提升倒置有機太陽能電池的性能
表2- 1 Jeffamine界面層製程參數 52
表3- 1 ZnO有無界面層的接觸角與表面能數據 55
表3- 2 不同界面層的光電轉換效率 58
圖索引
Part Ⅰ
不同側鏈的共軛高分子對於有機太陽能電池性能之影響
圖 1 1 全球能源結構變遷至2100年[1] 2
圖 1 2 AM1.5示意圖 3
圖 1 3 各種太陽能電池量效率紀錄[2] 4
圖 1 4 元件結構示意圖(a)單層接面結構(b)雙層接面結構(c)混摻異質接面結構 5
圖 1 5 各式傳輸層材料對應能階 6
圖 1 6 元件結構圖示(a)傳統結構(b)倒置結構 6
圖 1 7有機太陽能電池發電機制示意圖 7
圖 1 8 元件特性示意圖 8
圖 1 9 phenylene-thiophene-phenylene(TPT)衍生結構[15] 11
圖 1 10 Indacenodithiop-hene (IDT)衍生高分子結構[16] 12
圖 1 11非規則交錯的IDT衍生高分子[17] 13
圖 1 12不同強度拉電子基的非規則交錯IDT衍生高分子[20] 14
圖 1 13搭配兩種拉電子基(DTQ&DPP)的非規則交錯IDT衍生高分子[21] 14
圖 1 14 IDT與BT施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[22] 15
圖 1 15 IDT與dithienobenzoquinoxaline and dithienobenzopyridopyrazine施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[23] 15
圖 1 16 IDT與FBT&DFBT施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[24] 16
圖 1 17 Indacenodithiophene (IDT)與DPP施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[25] 17
圖 1 18 Indacenodithiophene (IDT)與DTQx施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[26] 17
圖 1 19導入n -hexylthiophene側鏈IDT與BT施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[27] 18
圖 1 20 IDT與FQ施體-受體交錯衍生高分子[28] 18
圖 1 21本次實驗主動層內電子施體材料的高分子結構 19
圖 2 1實驗的元件結構示意圖 20
圖 3 1不同IDT衍生高分子的TGA曲線圖 27
圖 3 2 不同IDT衍生高分子的UV光譜圖 28
圖 3 3不同IDT衍生高分子的光電轉換效率圖 29
圖 3 4不同IDT衍生高分子的EQE圖譜 31
圖 3 5 PIDTHT-FBT混PC71BM的表面形貌及相圖 32
圖 3 6 PIDTHT-QF混PC71BM的表面形貌及相圖 32
圖 3 7 PIDTHT-QCN混PC71BM的表面形貌及相圖 32
圖 3 8 PIDTHT-DPP混PC71BM的表面形貌及相圖 33
Part Ⅱ
藉由界面工程提升倒置有機太陽能電池的性能
圖1-1 能化碳球修飾主動層與電極之介面[15] 40
圖1-2 聚電解質介面層修飾主動層與電極之介面[16] 41
圖1-3 不同離化端對於氧化物電極表面的修飾[17] 42
圖1-4 分子上離化端數量對於氧化物電極表面的修飾[18] 43
圖1-5 PFN修飾ITO製備出高效率有機太陽能電池[19] 44
圖1-6 PFN修飾ZnO製備出高效率有機太陽能電池[20] 45
圖1-7 PEI修飾PH1000製備出全高分子有機太陽能電池[21] 45
圖1-8 PEI修飾ZnO製備出高效率有機太陽能電池[22] 46
圖1-9 不同分子量的PEI對元件性能之影響[23] 47
圖1-10 不同厚度的PEIE對元件性能之影響[24] 47
圖1-11 OPV 元件示意圖; Jeffamine 的化學結構 48
圖3-1 ZnO有無界面層的表面形貌 56
圖3-2 不同界面層的光電轉換效率圖 57
圖3-3 不同界面層的IPCE圖譜 59
圖3-4 無界面層元件的主動層表面形貌及相圖 60
圖3-5 含M2005界面層元件的主動層表面形貌及相圖 60
圖3-6 含M2070界面層元件的主動層表面形貌及相圖 60
圖3-7 含D2000界面層元件的主動層表面形貌及相圖 61
圖3-8 含ED2003界面層元件的主動層表面形貌及相圖 61
圖3-9 有無界面層的電子遷移率斜率圖 62
圖3-10 有無界面層的紫外光電子能譜 62

part I
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part II
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