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研究生:黃智群
研究生(外文):Chih-Chun Huang
論文名稱:以容量震譜法分析基礎裸露之橋墩受近斷層地震的耐震性能
論文名稱(外文):Performance Assessment of Bridges with Foundation Exposure under Near-fault seismic Demand
指導教授:宋欣泰
指導教授(外文):Shin-Tai Song
口試委員:翁駿民劉光晏
口試日期:2017-07-25
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:土木工程學系所
學門:工程學門
學類:土木工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:111
中文關鍵詞:近斷層地震耐震性能評估土壤結構互制橋梁基礎裸露
外文關鍵詞:near fault earthquakeseismic performance assessmentsoil-structure interaction
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:6
  • 點閱點閱:187
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:27
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
位於台灣河川中下游的多垮橋梁,容易遭受洪水及地震等多重災害,橋梁基礎往往會因為河床沖刷而裸露,使得基礎勁度下降與強度降低,此時若是遭受近斷層地震作用,橋梁結構會在短時間承受極大變位,導致未預期的變形及破壞,橋梁耐震能力大幅下降。
本論文主要探討基礎裸露之橋梁受近斷層地震作用下的耐震能力,以容量震譜法分析不同沖刷深度下之橋墩基礎裸露的耐震性能。本研究使用有限元素模型進行分析,以土壤彈簧模擬土壤對基樁的壓力,並將橋梁與樁土模擬成雙自由度系統,透過模態分析得到施加在樁帽及帽梁上的力量,以此側向力比進行側推分析。將側推分析所得的側推曲線轉換為容量震譜,容量震譜中橋墩耐震性能極限定義為橋柱先達到破壞控制極限或基樁先達到使用性能極限,由性能點計算出性能點地表加速度,藉由性能點地表加速度來分析橋梁的耐震變化。當近斷層地震作用於基礎裸露之橋梁時,橋墩的性能點地表加速度隨著沖刷深度增加並無太大改變,直至過臨界沖刷深度,橋墩耐震性能轉由樁控制時,性能點地表加速度迅速下降,耐震性能明顯降低。
本研究比較不同地震作用於不同基礎裸露之橋梁,探討不同沖刷深度下近斷層影響係數的變化,了解不同的地震紀錄會得到不同的性能點地表加速度值與近斷層地震影響係數值,但是性能點地表加速度或近斷層地震影響係數隨沖刷深度增加的趨勢會相近。
The research focuses on the issue which was the multiple span bridge which located at the middle and downstream quickly faced flood and earthquake that kind of multiple disasters in Taiwan. The problem came out that the bridge scoured by the riverbed, the foundation of the bridge exposed and then made the stiffness and strength of the foundation decreased. Therefore, when the moment the near-fault ground motion happened, the structure of the bridge bear displacement hugely and faced unpredictable damage in very short time, and also illustrated of the seismic ability of the bridge substantial declined.
The research undertook the seismic strength of bridge which was the situation of the exposed bridge under the near-fault ground motion by using the capacity spectrum approach to analysis the seismic ability of the exposed bride bent in different scour depth. The research analysis by the finite element model, using the soil spring to model the pressure of the pile of the soil, and model the bridge and pile to the two-degree-of-freedom. Next, through the two-degree-of-freedom system to get the strength which gained on the pile cap and cap beam, and then using the ratio of the lateral force for pushover analysis. In different scour depth, the pushover curve should transfer by capacity spectrum approach.
From the research result, the limitation of the seismic ability would define that the bridge reached the damage-control limit or the pile reaches the serviceability limit, and to calculate the performance point to the peak ground acceleration, then by the performance-point ground acceleration to analysis the change of seismic ability. It could conclude that when the near-fault ground motion act on the bridge of exposed foundation, there was not significantly modified the depth of scour. Until the depth over crossed the critical scour depth, as the seismic performance of the pier was controlled by the pile, the performance point peak ground acceleration drop rapidly. The result showed the seismic ability declined significantly.
The research compared the different style of exposed bridge in various ground motion, to explore the influence coefficient of near-fault ground motion by the different depth of scouring, and to understand the different recording will have the different performance-point ground acceleration and the influence coefficient of near-fault ground motion. However, both of the peak ground acceleration of performance point and the influence coefficient of near-fault ground motion would become closer by the developing of scour depth.
致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 研究動機及目的 1
第三節 論文大綱 2
第二章 文獻回顧及探討 3
第三章 橋墩的有限元素模型 5
第一節 OpenSees軟體介紹 5
第二節 結構建立 5
第三節 鋼筋滑移 7
第四節 結構模型及斷面 8
第五節 土壤 10
第六節 工址及地盤 14
第七節 群樁效應 16
第八節 模型自重放置 17
第四章 側推分析 18
第一節 運動方程式定義 18
第二節 模態頻率及模態參與係數 21
第三節 模態阻尼與側向力分佈 21
第四節 側推比調整 22
第五節 結構分析 24
第六節 性能目標地表加速度 27
第七節 近斷層地震與遠域地震 29
第五章 分析結果 36
第一節 側推分析 36
第二節 近斷層地震與遠域地震的比較 42
第六章 結論與建議 47
參考書目 49
附錄一 51
附錄二 62
附錄三 75
附錄四 103
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[8]胡子凡(2016),以容量震譜法分析橋墩耐震性能的臨界基礎裸露深度,國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文,宋欣泰教授指導。
[9]蕭輔沛、鍾立來、葉勇凱、簡文郁、沈文成、邱聰智、周德光、趙宜峰、翁樸文、楊耀昇、涂耀賢、柴駿甫與黃世建(2013),校舍結構耐震評估與補強技術手冊 第三版,國家地震工程研究中心與國立台灣大學土木工程學系共同製作。
[10]林育靖(2014),於相異地盤狀況下基礎裸露橋梁承受地震之破壞機制,國立中興大學土木工程研究所碩士論文,宋欣泰教授指導。
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[13]Zhenghua Wang, Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio, Jamie E Padgett (2014). “Influence of scour effects on the seismic response of reinforced concrete bridges. ”
[14]Aijun Ye, Xiaowei Wang (2014). “Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of RC pile foundation considering bridge scour effects. ”
[15]Aijun Ye, Yu Shang and Aijin Ye (2016). Dynamic interaction between bridge pier and its large pile foundation considering earthquake and scour depths
[16]ATC-32 (2005), Applied Technology Council, “Improved Seismic Design Criteria for California Building: Provisional Recommendations”
[17]ACI 318-14 (2014), American Concrete Institute, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete”.
[18]內政部營建署(2006),建築物耐震設計規範及解說。
[19]S. Mazzoni, F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, G. L. Fenves. et al. “OpenSees Command Language Manual” .(2007)
[20]Caltrans(2014), California Department of Transportation, “California Amendments to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications”.
[21].J. B. Mander, M. J. N. Priestley, and R. Park(1988) “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 126(8), 1804-1826
[22]API(1993)American Petroleum Institute“API Recommended Practice for Planning , Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms.”
[23]FEM450-1(2003)Building Seismic Safety Council“Nehrp Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures”
[24]Lundgreen CC (2010), “Damping Ratio for Laterally Loaded Pile Group in Fine Grained Soils and Improved Soils,” Master Thesis, Brigham Young University.
[25]Priestley MJN, Calvi GM and Kowalsky MJ(2007) , Displacement based Seismic Design of Structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
[26]CALTRANS SEISMIC DESIGN CRITERIA VERSION 1.6
NOVEMBER 2010
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