跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.9.169) 您好!臺灣時間:2025/02/16 06:30
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:林家騏
研究生(外文):Chia-Chi Lin
論文名稱:應用Bacillus subtilis WB800N生產人造纖維素體酵素與其固定化酵素之特性與動力學研究
論文名稱(外文):Deciphering enzymatic characteristics and kinectics of the artificial cellulosome from Bacillus subtilis WB800N and its immobilization
指導教授:劉永銓
口試委員:顏宏偉易逸波吳建一陳志義
口試日期:2017-05-31
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:化學工程學系所
學門:工程學門
學類:化學工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:80
中文關鍵詞:人造纖維素體酵素內切葡聚醣酶外切葡聚醣酶木聚醣酶微藻再生纖維膜酵素固定化和酵素動力學
外文關鍵詞:artificial cellulosomeendoglucanaseexoglucanasexylanasemicroalgaeRegenerated cellulose membraneimmobilized enzymeand enzymatic kinetics
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:294
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:24
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
纖維素體,一種多重酵素複合物,可以協同作水解纖維素成小分子化合物。重組Bacillus subtilis WB800N攜帶一個質體pGETS118 纖維素體酵素基因可產生人造纖維素體酵素。而纖維素體酵素結構中包含有6個纖維素水解酵素蛋白。此一蛋白質重組結構目前各個研究單位都在探索其可以運用的範疇,期望能成為生質能源開發的重要工具。
因此,本研究將分為三個部分。第一部分為探討酵素特性分析Bacillus subtilis WB800N纖維素體酵素的特徵,由結果顯示發現添加1mM IPTG的LB培養基為對纖維素體酵素生產之最佳條件。進一步分析,在收取菌株的發酵液後發現,發酵液經離心後可以分別在上清液與細胞壁上偵測到纖維素體酵素的活性。在酵素活性分析的結果中發現,上清液的纖維素體酵素及細胞壁上的纖維素體酵素的活性分別為3.544±0.17 U / mL和1.931±0.072 U / mL。其中,內切葡聚醣酶和木聚醣酶的有最佳活性。藉由HPLC分析酵素反應的最終產物中,僅有寡糖和纖維二糖在酵素反應中產生的。在動力學研究中,上清液纖維素體酵素的內切葡聚醣酵素的Vmax值(8.98 gL-1 h-1)比錨定於細胞壁的纖維素體酵素高(0.603 g L-1h-1)。然而,錨定於細胞壁的纖維素體酵素的內切葡聚醣酶,其Km值較低,為0.359 g L-1,此數值顯示錨定於細胞壁的纖維素體酵素比上清液纖維素體酵素具有較佳的基質親和力(11.87 g L-1)。
第二部分,則著重於探討纖維素體酵素對微藻油脂萃取殘留物水解程度分析,由於微藻經油脂萃取後所殘留廢棄細胞壁經FTIR成分分析,仍含有纖維素的成分。為了進一步增加廢棄微藻的利用率,因此以此成分為酵素水解反應基質。在酵素活性結果分析中,在上清液纖維素體酵素對微藻油脂萃取殘留物可得到為2.4 U / mL活性。在動力學研究中,在吸附於細胞壁上和發酵液中的纖維素體酵素水解微藻油脂萃取殘留物的Vmax值分別為0.182和3.522 g L-1 h-1。吸附於細胞壁上和發酵液中的纖維素體酵素對水解微藻油脂萃取殘留物所得到的Km值分別為34.66和14.83 g / L。此一章節的結果顯示出吸附,細胞壁上與分泌到發酵液中的纖維素體酵素對水解微藻油脂萃取殘留物相比,後者可以獲得較大的Vmax 以及較佳的基質親和力。
第三部分為了增加纖維素體酵素使用的便利性,因此將發酵液中的纖維素體酵素固定於再生纖維膜上,並且將微藻油脂萃取殘留物先行使用酸水解將其降解成質地較為鬆散與含有多醣的狀態下,增加與酵素碰撞反應的機率。經固定化的纖維素體酵素在反應溫度為50℃,反應pH 值為5的條件下,經酸處理後的微藻油脂萃取殘留物反應後獲取較佳之水解效率。並且,酵素水解反應時間可以維持24hr之內皆可以獲得水解產物。進一步經由HPLC分析,其水解產物仍是以寡糖為主。
Cellulosome, a multienzyme complex, can synergistically hydrolyze polysaccharide cellulose into small compounds. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis WB800N harboring pGETS 118 cellulosome genes can produce artificial cellulosome, including six cellulose hydrolysis enzyme subunits. At present, the researchers are exploring the scope of application of this recombinant protein structure, hoping to become an important tool for bio-energy development.
Therefore, this study will be divided into three parts. The first part is to discuss the deciphering characteristics of the designer cellulosome from Bacillus subtilis WB800N via enzymatic analysis. The results were shown the conditions for the production of recombinant B. subtilis was tested and the LB medium with 1mM IPTG was found to be the best condition for cellulosome production. It was noted that cellulosome activity can be found in the supernatant (SC) of the harvest broth and anchored cellulosome (AC). The results showed that the best activities of endoglucanase and xylanase obtained in SC as 3.544±0.17 U/mL and 1.931±0.072 U/mL, respectively. In the kinetic studies, the Vmax value (8.98 g L-1 h-1) for endoglucanase in SC was higher than that in AC (0.603 g L-1 h-1). However, the endoglucanase of AC gave a lower Km value of 0.359 g L-1, indicating a higher substrate affinity than that of SC (11.87 g L-1).
In the second part, we focused on the analysis of the hydrolysis degree of lipid-deprived residuals of microalgae by the cellulosome. The profile of the lipid-deprived residuals of microalgae was still contained cellulose by FTIR analysis. In order to further increase the utilization of microalgae, this component such as substrate was applied to degrade by cellulosome hydrolysis. The results were shown SC to obtain cellulosome activity of 2.4 U/mL. In the kinetic studies, the anchoring cellulosome (AC) and secreted cellulosome (SC) of Vmax were obtained 0.182 and 3.522 g L-1 h-1, respectively. The Kms were measured as 34.66 and 14.83 g / L in AC and SC, respectively. The activation energy of the cellulosome to hydrolyze microalgae LDRs was calculated as a 32.804 kJ/mol. The results were shown that the SC hydrolyzed microalgae LDRs can obtain a larger Vmax and a better substrate affinity than AC.
In the third part, in order to increase the convenience of the use of SC, the SC was immobilized on the regeneration cellulose membrane. The microalgae LDRs were pretreared with acid before immobilized enzyme hydrolsis. For this reason, the degraded microalgae LDRs were became looser and increase the probability of collision with the enzyme reaction. The acid treatment LDRs can be hydrolyzed with the immobilized cellulosome at the reaction temperature as 50 ℃ and the reaction pH value as 5. The hydrolysis products could be obtained under enzymatic hydrolysis reaction for 24 hours.
中文摘要 i
Abstract iii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1. 前言 1
2. 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1. 纖維素 3
2.2. 半纖維素 4
2.3. 纖維素分解酵素 ?cellulase? 4
2.3.1. 內切型纖維素分解酵素(Endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase) 5
2.3.2. 外切型纖維素分解酵素(Exo-1,4-β-D-glucanase) 6
2.3.3. 纖維二醣酵素(β-glucosidase) 6
2.4. 半纖維素分解酵素 ?hemicellulase? 6
2.5. 纖維素酵素複合體(cellulosome) 7
第三章 Bacillus subtilis WB800N纖維素體酵素的酵素特性分析 9
3.1. 前言 9
3.2. 材料與方法 10
3.2.1. 實驗儀器設備 10
3.2.2. 實驗藥品 11
3.3. 實驗方法 13
3.3.1. 菌株與質體 13
3.3.2. recombinant B. subtilis WB800N菌種培養方法 14
3.3.2.1. 種菌培養 14
3.3.2.2. 主培養 14
3.3.3. 探討添加碳源對人造纖維素體產出的影響 14
3.3.4. 添加不同濃度IPTG對人造纖維素體產出的影響 15
3.3.5. pH值對酵素水解活性的影響 15
3.3.6. 溫度對酵素水解活性的影響 16
3.3.7. 蛋白質酶譜分析法 (zymographic assay) 16
3.3.8. 酵素活性分析 17
3.3.9. 基質水解後之HPLC分析 19
3.3.10. 酵素動力學參數測定 20
3.4. 結果與討論 21
3.4.1. 添加不同碳源進行培養對人造纖維素體產出的影響 21
3.4.2. 添加不同濃度IPTG對人造纖維素體產出的影響 23
3.4.3. 不同pH值對纖維素體酵素的影響 24
3.4.4. 不同溫度對纖維素體酵素活性的影響 25
3.4.5. 纖維素體酵素複合物之組裝分析 26
3.4.6. 研究纖維素體中個別酵素活性的特性 28
3.4.7. 酵素動力學分析 31
3.4.8. 對纖維素酶反應的產物抑製作用 35
3.5. 結論 37
第四章 纖維素體酵素降解微藻油脂萃取殘留物之動力學分析 38
4.1. 前言 38
4.2. 實驗方法 39
4.2.1. 製備基質(微藻油脂萃取殘留物) 39
4.2.2. 標的酵素蛋白之分離方法 40
4.2.3. 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析 40
4.2.4. 纖維素體酵素活性分析 40
4.2.5. 酵素動力學參數測定 41
4.3. 結果與討論 42
4.3.1. 微藻油脂萃取殘留物的FTIR組成分析 42
4.3.2. 纖維素體酵素水解微藻油脂萃取殘留物 45
4.3.3. 不同pH值與溫度對酵素水解微藻的影響 45
4.3.4. 酵素動力學分析 47
4.4. 結論 49
第五章 重組纖維素體酵素固定化於再生纖維膜之酵素特性分析 50
5.1. 前言 50
5.2. 實驗方法 51
5.2.1. 製備酸水解微藻油脂萃取殘留物 51
5.2.2. 製備酵素載體薄膜 52
5.2.3. pH 值與溫度對固定化酵素水解活性的影響 53
5.2.4. 微藻水解後之HPLC分析 53
5.3. 結果與討論 54
5.3.1. 酸水解的微藻油脂萃取殘留物對水解酵素適應性 54
5.3.2. 酵素反應溫度對於水解經酸處理後的微藻之影響 55
5.3.3. 酵素反應pH值對於酸處理後的微藻水解之影響 56
5.3.4. 固定化纖維素體酵素對酸水解微藻之結果分析 57
5.4. 結論 60
第六章 總結與未來展望 61
6.1. 總結 61
6.2. 未來展望 63
參考文獻 64
個人著作 78
[1] P.R.V. Hamann, D.L. Serpa, A.S. Barreto da Cunha, B.R. de Camargo, K.O. Osiro, M. Valle de Sousa, C.R. Felix, R.N.G. Miller, E.F. Noronha, Evaluation of plant cell wall degrading enzyme production by Clostridium thermocellum B8 in the presence of raw agricultural wastes, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 105 (2015) 97-105.
[2] J.M. Xiaorong Wu, Ron Madl, Donghai Wang, Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass, Sustain. Biotechnol. , (2010) 19-41.
[3] R.H. Doi, A. Kosugi, Cellulosomes: Plant-cell-wall-degrading enzyme complexes, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2 (2004) 541-551.
[4] L.R. Lynd, W.H. van Zyl, J.E. McBride, M. Laser, Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass: an update, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 16 (2005) 577-583.
[5] J. Zaldivar, J. Nielsen, L. Olsson, Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulose: a challenge for metabolic engineering and process integration, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 56 (2001) 17-34.
[6] B.S. Dien, M.A. Cotta, T.W. Jeffries, Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63 (2003) 258-266.
[7] R.H. Doi, A. Kosugi, Cellulosomes: plant-cell-wall-degrading enzyme complexes, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2 (2004) 541-551.
[8] S.D. Jeon, J.E. Lee, S.J. Kim, S.W. Kim, S.O. Han, Analysis of selective, high protein-protein binding interaction of cohesin-dockerin complex using biosensing methods, Biosens. Bioelectron., 35 (2012) 382-389.
[9] H.Y. Cho, H. Yukawa, M. Inui, R.H. Doi, S.L. Wong, Production of minicellulosomes from Clostridium cellulovorans in Bacillus subtilis WB800, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70 (2004) 5704-5707.
[10] E.S. Edward A. Bayer, Raphael Lamed, Organization and Distribution of the Cellulosome in Clostridium thermocellum, J. Bacteriol., 163 (1985) 552-559.
[11] E.S. Raphael Lamed, Rina Kenig, Edward A. Bayer, The cellulosome: a discrete cell surface organelle of Clostridium thermocellum which exhibits separate antigenic, cellulose-binding and various cellulolytic activities, Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp., (1983) 163-181.
[12] A.P. Kumar, R.P. Singh, Biocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch: improvement of properties by photo-induced crosslinking, Bioresour Technol, 99 (2008) 8803-8809.
[13] M. Desvaux, Clostridium cellulolyticum: model organism of mesophilic cellulolytic clostridia, FEMS Microbiol Rev, 29 (2005) 741-764.
[14] J.F. Robyt, Polysaccharides I, Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Springer New York, New York, NY, 1998, pp. 157-227.
[15] G. Koch, Raw Material for Pulp, Handbook of Pulp, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH2008, pp. 21-68.
[16] L.R. Lynd, P.J. Weimer, W.H. van Zyl, I.S. Pretorius, Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 66 (2002) 506-577.
[17] K.S. Siddiqui, A.A.N. Saqib, M.H. Rashid, M.I. Rajoka, Carboxyl group modification significantly altered the kinetic properties of purified carboxymethylcellulase from Aspergillus niger, Enzyme Microb. Tech., 27 (2000) 467-474.
[18] P. Beguin, J.P. Aubert, The biological degradation of cellulose, FEMS Microbiol Rev, 13 (1994) 25-58.
[19] V.S. Bisaria, T.K. Ghose, Biodegradation of Cellulosic Materials - Substrates, Microorganisms, Enzymes and Products, Enzyme Microb. Tech., 3 (1981) 90-104.
[20] M.K. Bhat, S. Bhat, Cellulose degrading enzymes and their potential industrial applications, Biotechnol. Adv., 15 (1997) 583-620.
[21] V.S. Bisaria, S. Mishra, Regulatory aspects of cellulase biosynthesis and secretion, Crit Rev Biotechnol, 9 (1989) 61-103.
[22] J.D. Bok, D.A. Yernool, D.E. Eveleigh, Purification, characterization, and molecular analysis of thermostable cellulases CelA and CelB from Thermotoga neapolitana, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64 (1998) 4774-4781.
[23] A.K. Goyal, D.E. Eveleigh, Cloning, sequencing and analysis of the ggh-A gene encoding a 1,4-beta-D-glucan glucohydrolase from Microbispora bispora, Gene, 172 (1996) 93-98.
[24] J.E. Rixon, L.M.A. Ferreira, A.J. Durrant, J.I. Laurie, G.P. Hazlewood, H.J. Gilbert, Characterization of the Gene Celd and Its Encoded Product 1,4-Beta-D-Glucan Glucohydrolase-D from Pseudomonas-Fluorescens Subsp Cellulosa, Biochem. J., 285 (1992) 947-955.
[25] (!!! INVALID CITATION !!!).
[26] K. Poutanen, J. Puls, Hydrolysis of Xylans by Xylanolytic Enzymes of Trichoderma-Reesei, Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. S., 195 (1988) 126-CELL.
[27] R. Lamed, E. Setter, R. Kenig, E.A. Bayer, The Cellulosome - a Discrete Cell-Surface Organelle of Clostridium-Thermocellum Which Exhibits Separate Antigenic, Cellulose-Binding and Various Cellulolytic Activities, Biotechnol. Bioeng., (1983) 163-181.
[28] R. Lamed, E.A. Bayer, The Cellulosome of Clostridium-Thermocellum, Adv Appl Microbiol, 33 (1988) 1-46.
[29] Y. Shoham, R. Lamed, E.A. Bayer, The cellulosome concept as an efficient microbial strategy for the degradation of insoluble polysaccharides, Trends Microbiol, 7 (1999) 275-281.
[30] C.M.G.A. Fontes, H.J. Gilbert, Cellulosomes: Highly Efficient Nanomachines Designed to Designed to Deconstruct Plant Cell Wall Complex Carbohydrates, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 79 (2010) 655-681.
[31] C.Y. Ho, J.J. Chang, S.C. Lee, T.Y. Chin, M.C. Shih, W.H. Li, C.C. Huang, Development of cellulosic ethanol production process via co-culturing of artificial cellulosomal Bacillus and kefir yeast, Appl. Energ., 100 (2012) 27-32.
[32] N.D. Gold, V.J. Martin, Global view of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome revealed by quantitative proteomic analysis, J. Bacteriol., 189 (2007) 6787-6795.
[33] K. Tsuge, K. Matsui, M. Itaya, One step assembly of multiple DNA fragments with a designed order and orientation in Bacillus subtilis plasmid, Nucleic Acids Res, 31 (2003) e133.
[34] T. Nishizaki, K. Tsuge, M. Itaya, N. Doi, H. Yanagawa, Metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by ordered gene assembly in Bacillus subtilis, Appl Environ Microbiol, 73 (2007) 1355-1361.
[35] J.L. Linville, M. Rodriguez, J.R. Mielenz, C.D. Cox, Kinetic modeling of batch fermentation for Populus hydrolysate tolerant mutant and wild type strains of Clostridium thermocellum, Bioresource Technol., 147 (2013) 605-613.
[36] 薛乃綺, 人工纖維素分解酵素複合體於枯草桿菌與其酵素和支架蛋白間的相互作用分析, 國立中興大學碩士論文, (2016).
[37] G.L. Miller, Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar, Anal. Chem., 31 (1959) 426 - 428.
[38] K.S. Shin, I.K. Oh, C.J. Kim, Production and purification of Remazol brilliant blue R decolorizing peroxidase from the culture filtrate of Pleurotus ostreatus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63 (1997) 1744-1748.
[39] J. van Lieshout, M. Faijes, J. Nieto, J. van der Oost, A. Planas, Hydrolase and glycosynthase activity of endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from the thermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, Archaea, 1 (2004) 285-292.
[40] M.L. Fardeau, C. Faudon, J.L. Cayol, M. Magot, B.K.C. Patel, B. Ollivier, Effect of thiosulphate as electron acceptor on glucose and xylose oxidation by Thermoanaerobacter finnii and a Thermoanaerobacter sp isolated from oil field water, Res Microbiol, 147 (1996) 159-165.
[41] M.R. Bray, A.J. Clarke, Essential Carboxy Groups in Xylanase-A, Biochem. J., 270 (1990) 91-96.
[42] C.C. Lin, T.T. Liu, S.C. Kan, C.Z. Zang, C.W. Yeh, J.Y. Wu, J.H. Chen, C.J. Shieh, Y.C. Liu, Production of D-hydantoinase via surface display and self-cleavage system, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 116 (2013) 562-566.
[43] M. Lemaire, H. Ohayon, P. Gounon, T. Fujino, P. Beguin, Olpb, a New Outer Layer Protein of Clostridium-Thermocellum, and Binding of Its S-Layer-Like Domains to Components of the Cell-Envelope, J. Bacteriol., 177 (1995) 2451-2459.
[44] K. Tsuge, K. Matsui, M. Itaya, One step assembly of multiple DNA fragments with a designed order and orientation in Bacillus subtilis plasmid, Nucleic Acids Res., 31 (2003).
[45] J. Hu, S. Li, B. Liu, Properties of immobilized pepsin on Modified PMMA microspheres, Biotechnol. J., 1 (2006) 75-79.
[46] G.Y. Lee, J.H. Jung, D.H. Seo, J. Hansin, S.J. Ha, J. Cha, Y.S. Kim, C.S. Park, Isomaltulose production via yeast surface display of sucrose isomerase from Enterobacter sp. FMB-1 on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bioresource Technol., 102 (2011) 9179-9184.
[47] H. Yavuz, S. Akgol, Y. Arica, A. Denizli, Concanavalin a immobilized affinity adsorbents for reversible use in yeast invertase adsorption, Macromol. Biosci., 4 (2004) 674-679.
[48] C. Lambertz, M. Garvey, J. Klinger, D. Heesel, H. Klose, R. Fischer, U. Commandeur, Challenges and advances in the heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes: a review, Biotechnol. Biofuels, 7 (2014).
[49] M. Garvey, H. Klose, R. Fischer, C. Lambertz, U. Commandeur, Cellulases for biomass degradation: comparing recombinant cellulase expression platforms, Trends Biotechnol., 31 (2013) 581-593.
[50] Y.M. Dai, K.T. Chen, C.C. Chen, Study of the microwave lipid extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production, Chem. Eng. J., 250 (2014) 267-273.
[51] T. Lan Thanh Bien, S. Tsuji, K. Tanaka, S. Takenaka, K. Yoshida, Secretion of heterologous thermostable cellulases in Bacillus subtilis, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 60 (2014) 175-182.
[52] J.S. Van Dyk, B.I. Pletschke, A review of lignocellulose bioconversion using enzymatic hydrolysis and synergistic cooperation between enzymes-Factors affecting enzymes, conversion and synergy, Biotechnol. Adv., 30 (2012) 1458-1480.
[53] J. Medve, J. Karlsson, D. Lee, F. Tjerneld, Hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose by cellobiohydrolase I and endoglucanase II from Trichoderma reesei: Adsorption, sugar production pattern, and synergism of the enzymes, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 59 (1998) 621-634.
[54] T.T. Teeri, Crystalline cellulose degradation: New insight into the function of cellobiohydrolases, Trends Biotechnol., 15 (1997) 160-167.
[55] K. Kiyoshi, M. Furukawa, T. Seyama, T. Kadokura, A. Nakazato, S. Nakayama, Butanol production from alkali-pretreated rice straw by co-culture of Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Bioresource Technol., 186 (2015) 325-328.
[56] D.O. Hooks, M. Venning-Slater, J.P. Du, B.H.A. Rehm, Polyhydroyxalkanoate Synthase Fusions as a Strategy for Oriented Enzyme Immobilisation, Molecules, 19 (2014) 8629-8643.
[57] G. Gefen, M. Anbar, E. Morag, R. Lamed, E.A. Bayer, Enhanced cellulose degradation by targeted integration of a cohesin-fused beta-glucosidase into the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109 (2012) 10298-10303.
[58] W. Han, W. Clarke, S. Pratt, Composting of waste algae: A review, Waste Manage., 34 (2014) 1148-1155.
[59] C.C. Lin, C.H. Wei, C.I. Chen, C.J. Shieh, Y.C. Liu, Characteristics of the photosynthesis microbial fuel cell with a Spirulina platensis biofilm, Bioresource Technol., 135 (2013) 640-643.
[60] C.C. Fu, T.C. Hung, J.Y. Chen, C.H. Su, W.T. Wu, Hydrolysis of microalgae cell walls for production of reducing sugar and lipid extraction, Bioresource Technol., 101 (2010) 8750-8754.
[61] Y. Chisti, Biodiesel from microalgae, Biotechnol. Adv., 25 (2007) 294-306.
[62] C.H. Hsieh, W.T. Wu, Cultivation of microalgae for oil production with a cultivation strategy of urea limitation, Bioresource Technol., 100 (2009) 3921-3926.
[63] E. Sanchez, K. Ojeda, M. El-Halwagi, V. Kafarov, Biodiesel from microalgae oil production in two sequential esterification/transesterification reactors: Pinch analysis of heat integration, Chem. Eng. J., 176 (2011) 211-216.
[64] A.L. Ahmad, N.H.M. Yasin, C.J.C. Derek, J.K. Lim, Microalgae as a sustainable energy source for biodiesel production: A review, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 15 (2011) 584-593.
[65] I. Rawat, R.R. Kumar, T. Mutanda, F. Bux, Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production, Appl. Energ., 2013, pp. 444-467.
[66] H.G. Gerken, B. Donohoe, E.P. Knoshaug, Enzymatic cell wall degradation of Chlorella vulgaris and other microalgae for biofuels production, Planta, 237 (2013) 239-253.
[67] M. Morweiser, O. Kruse, B. Hankamer, C. Posten, Developments and perspectives of photobioreactors for biofuel production, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 87 (2010) 1291-1301.
[68] M.L. Ghirardi, J.P. Zhang, J.W. Lee, T. Flynn, M. Seibert, E. Greenbaum, A. Melis, Microalgae: a green source of renewable H-2, Trends Biotechnol., 18 (2000) 506-511.
[69] J.B. Holm-Nielsen, T. Al Seadi, P. Oleskowicz-Popiel, The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization, Bioresource Technol., 100 (2009) 5478-5484.
[70] A. Vergara-Fernandez, G. Vargas, N. Alarcon, A. Velasco, Evaluation of marine algae as a source of biogas in a two-stage anaerobic reactor system, Biomass Bioenerg., 32 (2008) 338-344.
[71] C.Y. Chen, M.D. Bai, J.S. Chang, Improving microalgal oil collecting efficiency by pretreating the microalgal cell wall with destructive bacteria, Biochem. Eng. J., 81 (2013) 170-176.
[72] M. Girfoglio, M. Rossi, R. Cannio, Cellulose Degradation by Sulfolobus solfataricus Requires a Cell-Anchored Endo-beta-1-4-Glucanase, J. Bacteriol., 194 (2012) 5091-5100.
[73] M.K. Bhat, Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology, Biotechnol. Adv., 18 (2000) 355-383.
[74] W.H. Schwarz, The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 56 (2001) 634-649.
[75] Y.M. Ko, C.I. Chen, C.C. Lin, S.C. Kan, C.Z. Zang, C.W. Yeh, W.F. Chang, C.J. Shieh, Y.C. Liu, Enhanced D-hydantoinase activity performance via immobilized cobalt ion affinity membrane and its kinetic study, Biochem. Eng. J., 79 (2013) 200-205.
[76] Y. Sun, L. Lin, H.B. Deng, J.Z. Li, B.H. He, R.C. Sun, P.K. Ouyang, Structural Changes of Bamboo Cellulose in Formic Acid, Bioresources, 3 (2008) 297-315.
[77] D.H. Northcote, K.J. Goulding, The chemical composition and structure of the cell wall of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Biochem. J., 70 (1958) 391–397.
[78] H.R. Bungay, Confessions of a bioenergy advocate, Trends Biotechnol, 22 (2004) 67-71.
[79] N.R. Mohamad, N.H. Marzuki, N.A. Buang, F. Huyop, R.A. Wahab, An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes, Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip, 29 (2015) 205-220.
[80] J. Szczodrak, Z. Targonski, Selection of thermotolerant yeast strains for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose, Biotechnol Bioeng, 31 (1988) 300-303.
連結至畢業學校之論文網頁點我開啟連結
註: 此連結為研究生畢業學校所提供,不一定有電子全文可供下載,若連結有誤,請點選上方之〝勘誤回報〞功能,我們會盡快修正,謝謝!
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
無相關期刊