天然雌激素－雌二醇（17β-estradiol, E2）是一種內分泌干擾化合物（EDCs），這類的化學物質在多數國家中的污水處理廠進水端與出水端皆有被偵測到不同的濃度，在各種環境降解處理程序中，太陽光的光催化降解確定是環境中持久性污染物最重要的降解途徑之一。
目前廢水處理程序是否能有效地處理E2，避免造成環境的污染，本研究選擇混凝膠凝沈澱、活性碳吸附、UVC/H2O2與UVA/TiO2，進行討論，混凝膠凝沈澱幾乎無法去除E2；活性碳吸附不會受pH的影響，在24 hr有最佳的吸附效果；UVC/H2O2程序中，H2O2添加濃度越高，反應速率越快，10分鐘即可有效地降解E2，但礦化率僅有7%；其中以UVA/TiO2為最有效礦化E2之程序，利用實驗室不同光源（可見光與紫外光）進行TiO2光催化降解實驗，TiO2添加量為1 g/L與pH 9下有較佳的降解效率，E2初始濃度越低，反應速率越快（k = 4.24 hr-1），但初始濃度越高礦化率越高。
進一步探討利用太陽光光催化降解E2的可行性，太陽光照射E2降解速率很低，僅有0.004 hr-1，利用TiO2太陽光光催化降解E2可增加降解速率（k = 2.20-2.42 hr-1）與礦化率（5 hr處理後可達65-95%），其降解反應皆符合擬一階模式，當pH增加而反應速率略微增加。在有NO3-存在下，光催化降解速率顯著增加，歸因於反應物質的光敏化作用。

Natural steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) is one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Estrogenic steroids are detected in both influent and effluent of sewage treatment plants in many countries at various concentrations. Among the various environmental degradation processes, photodegradation from solar irradiation is one of the most important factors determining the ultimate fate of the persistent pollutants in aquatic environments.
We not sure the current wastewater treatment program can effectively remove E2 and avoid the pollution caused by the environment. In this study, we chose coagulation-flocculation, activated carbon adsorption, UVC/H2O2 and UVA/TiO2 to investigate The coagulation was almost impossible to remove E2. The adsorption of activated carbon has the best adsorption effect at 24 hr and no effection by pH. At the higher concentration of H2O2 in UVC / H2O2, has faster reaction rate, and can remove E2 under detection limit in 10 minutes. In UVC / H2O2 degradation has only 7% removal in mineralization. The results showed that the UVA / TiO2 degradation can achieved the most mineralization of E2. The photocatalytic degradation of TiO2 was use different light sources (visible and ultraviolet) in the laboratory. At the addition of TiO2 was 1 g/L and pH 9 has the best UVA / TiO2 degradation rate. The higher the reaction rate is (k = 4.24 hr-1) at lower the initial E2 concentration. The higher the mineralization rate at higher initial E2 concentration.
Using solar photocatalytic degradation of E2, TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of E2 by TiO2 under solar irradiation can increase rate constant (k = 2.20-2.42 hr-1) and mineralization (65-95% after 5 hr irradiation). The E2 photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the rate constant increasing slightly with increased pH. In the presence of NO3-, the photodegradation rate increased significantly, attributed to photosensitization by the reactive species.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
1. 緒論 1
2. 文獻回顧 3
2.1 內分泌干擾化合物（EDCs） 3
2.1.1 EDCs簡介 3
2.1.2 EDCs 影響與分類 5
2.1.3 EDCs的來源 11
2.2 雌二醇（E2） 13
2.2.1 E2簡介 13
2.2.2 污水處理廠去除E2之探討 15
2.2.3 飲用水去除E2之探討 18
2.2.4 高級氧化處理處除E2之探討 20
2.3 處理程序 23
2.3.1 混凝膠凝程序 23
2.3.2 活性碳吸附處理 25
2.3.3 UVC/H2O2光氧化程序 27
2.3.4 UVA/TiO2光催化降解 28
2.4 Solar/TiO2 光催化降解 29
2.4.1 太陽光的優勢 29
2.4.2 太陽光光解 31
2.4.3 太陽光與光觸媒 32
2.4.4 二氧化鈦製備方法 33
3. 材料與方法 38
3.1 實驗方法 38
3.1.1 混凝膠凝實驗 40
3.1.2 粒狀活性碳（GAC）吸附實驗 41
3.1.3 UVC/H2O2實驗 42
3.1.4 UVA/ TiO2與VIS/ TiO2實驗 43
3.1.5 UVA/固定態TiO2實驗 44
3.1.6 Solar/TiO2實驗 45
3.2 光觸媒TiO2的製備 46
3.2.1 粉末態TiO2的製備 46
3.2.2 固定態TiO2的製備 47
3.3 分析項目及方法 49
3.3.1 E2螢光分析測定 49
3.3.2 E2總有機碳分析 51
3.3.3 等溫吸附模式 51
3.3.4 光催化反應動力模式 52
3.3.5 光觸媒表面分析儀 53
4. 結果與討論 54
4.1 混凝膠凝沈澱 54
4.2 高級程序處理E2 55
4.2.1 活性碳吸附處理 55
4.2.2 UVC/H2O2 光氧化處理 60
4.2.3 UVA/TiO2 與Solar/TiO2光催化處理 63
4.2.4 高級程序處理之比較 64
4.3 光觸媒表面特性分析 65
4.3.1 光觸媒表面顆粒分析 65
4.3.2 光觸媒晶相與結構分析 67
4.3.3 光觸媒吸收光譜分析 68
4.4 光催化實驗之初步測試 68
4.4.1 不同光觸媒添加量之暗吸附 69
4.4.2 不同 pH 值下之暗吸附 70
4.4.3 直接光解 71
4.5 實驗室光源光催化降解 E2 71
4.5.1 光觸媒 TiO2 添加量影響 71
4.5.2 水體 pH 值之影響 75
4.5.3 水體中 E2 初始濃度之影響 78
4.6 Solar/TiO2光催化降解 E2 81
4.6.1 太陽光直接光解與光催化降解 81
4.6.2 水體中 pH 值之影響 82
4.6.3 水體中硝酸鹽濃度之影響 83
4.6.4 實驗室光源與太陽光光催化 E2 之比較 86
4.7 固定態光觸媒光催化降解 E2 88
4.7.1 直接光解與吸附 88
4.7.2 披覆不同 TiO2 層數之影響 89
4.7.3 水體 pH 之影響 91
4.8 EE2 進行太陽光光催化之可行性 93
5. 結論與建議 94
5.1 結論 94
5.2 建議 95
6. 參考文獻 96
7. 附錄 108

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