臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有毒獵物的警戒訊號，除了能降低掠食者的捕食外，也能加強掠食者的學習速度與記憶時間。多數有關掠食者的學習與記憶的研究都以鳥類或哺乳類為主，對於爬蟲類認知與學習能力的了解仍然有限。飛蜥科的蜥蜴主要以視覺覓食，並具有分辨獵物及非獵物化學訊息的能力。本研究以斯文豪氏攀木蜥蜴(Japalura swinhonis)做為研究對象，探討蜥蜴在遭遇有毒獵物時，再加上操控獵物身上不同顏色後，蜥蜴對獵物學習辨識與記憶的影響。透過給予具警戒色(紅色)與非警戒色(綠色)的蟋蟀(二者皆含20%奎寧及4%芥末粉)，分別記錄蜥蜴學習後的攻擊延遲時間、記憶的時間、與類推能力等。實驗結果顯示，在記憶有毒蟋蟀時，學習紅色蟋蟀相較於綠色較為有效，且兩者記憶的時間皆長達60天之久。綜上所述，斯文豪氏攀蜥能依據視覺訊號快速學習有毒獵物，警戒色也具有增強記憶及識別的能力，且攀蜥具有超過60天以上的記憶力。

Unpalatable prey with aposematic coloration can be easily recognized by predators, and the conspicuous signal of prey may enhance learning speed and memory retention in predators. In this study, a visual-oriented agamid predator (Japalura swinhonis) was used to test whether aposematic coloration enhances discrimination ability toward distasteful prey in lizards. Predatory reactions of lizards to quinine-flavoured crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) with aposematic coloration (red) and non-aposematic coloration (green) were recorded after first learning trial. The results demonstrated that J. swinhonis rejected both red and green crickets after the treatment of first day, but the attack latency toward red crickets is longer than that of green prey. The memory of both types of prey continued up to 60 days. Agamid lizards remembered to avoid aposematic and non-aposematic prey at a similar rate, but aposematic coloration is a more efficient signal for predators.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
Introduction 1
Materials and Methods 4
1.Experimental species and locality 4
2.Prey 4
3.Manipulation of color pattern in prey 5
4.Unpalatable taste aversion 6
5.Color preference 6
6.Memory 6
7.Generalization test 7
8.Behavioral trials and records 8
9.Statistical analyses 8
Results 10
1.Attack ratio of color preference 10
2.Attack latency of color preference 10
3.Memory of toxic prey 11
4.Generalization of toxic prey 12
Discussion 13
1.Color preference of J. swinhonis 13
2.Memory 15
3.Generalization 16
References 19

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