臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

茶在世界上是很重要的經濟作物，而烏龍茶在臺灣傳統上則是最具知名度的飲品。先前研究中，有很多證據顯示茶葉對身體健康有正面的影響，而兒茶素是主要的有效成分之一，同時也是影響茶葉風味的因素。鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶競賽是在 1976 年創立的，是最具代表性的競賽之一，因為分級制度明確，品質與風味優良，因此深具公信力。本研究之目的為利用鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶中不同獲獎等級之茶樣為材料，以分析其中兒茶素的組成與含量，並可作為凍頂烏龍茶的兒茶素含量之參考依據。實驗的茶樣品主要選自 2016 年鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶競賽的春茶與冬茶，利用不同的方式萃取茶湯，包括前人研究的萃取方式及依照比賽茶沖泡規則，再以高效能液相層析儀分析凍頂烏龍茶中的兒茶素組成與含量。實驗結果顯示，兩個萃取方式皆顯示表沒食子兒茶素與表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯是凍頂烏龍茶主要的兒茶素類成分；依照比賽茶方式萃取茶湯，表沒食子兒茶素為含量最高的兒茶素。目前實驗分析結果，不同等級的鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶中各兒茶素含量沒有明顯的相關性，但此數據也能作為了解飲用凍頂烏龍茶的兒茶素攝入量之參考依據及茶品內容標示所用。另外還進行其他比賽茶競賽的茶樣品分析，包括文山包種茶、阿里山高山茶、東方美人茶與日月潭紅茶，藉以了解與比較臺灣茶產品中的兒茶素含量，結果顯示採用青心烏龍製作的輕發酵烏龍茶 (凍頂烏龍茶、文山包種茶、阿里山高山茶)，其主要的兒茶素為表沒食子兒茶素與表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯，日月潭紅茶主要的兒茶素為表兒茶素沒食子酸酯，東方美人茶總兒茶素含量則相對較少。

Tea is an important cash crop in the world. Traditionally, Oolong tea is the most famous drink in Taiwan. Previous studies have shown that tea may have advantageous health effects. Catechins are the major active components and the supposed flavor determinant factor. The Lugu Farmers’ Association Tea Competition is established in 1976 and the most representative committee, which rank the tea contestants seriously for good quality and flavor to maintain their high credibility. The purpose of this study was to analyze the tea evaluation standards based on catechin compositions and ratios in contestant samples from Lugu Farmers’ Association Tea Competition, in an attempt to create a catechin contents label for Dong Ding Oolong Tea. In this study, we selected tea samples with different rankings from the 2016 (spring and winter) Tea Competition for analysis. Catechins extractions were prepared according to previous studies or the standards of tea competition and subjected to analyses using HPLC for compositions and ratios. Results of both extraction methods showed that Epigallocatechin (EGC) and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are the main compounds of catechins in Dong Ding Oolong Tea. EGC is the richest component in tea infusion prepared following tea competition standards. Currently, there is no obvious correlation between catechin contents and the rankings in the Lugu Farmers’ Association Tea Competition. Nevertheless, the current results can be used as a reference for catechins intake and also as the label of content for Dong Ding Oolong Tea. In addition, we selected tea samples from other tea competition (Wenshan Pouchong Tea、Ali Mountain Oolong、Sun Moon Lake Black Tea and Oriental Beauty Tea) for analysis and comparison. Results of both extraction methods showed that EGC and EGCG are the main compounds of catechins in the light fermented oolong tea (Dong Ding oolong tea, Wenshan Pouchong Tea and Ali Mountain Oolong). Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is the main compound of catechins in Sun Moon Lake Black Tea. In contrast with the other tea, Oriental Beauty Tea catechins content is relatively less in this study.

目錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
壹、前言 1
一、臺灣茶產業發展概況 1
二、茶葉的化學成分 2
(一) 茶多酚類 3
(二) 植物鹼 5
(三) 蛋白質及胺基酸 5
(四) 脂質 6
三、茶葉的分類與製程 6
(一) 茶葉的分類 6
(二) 茶葉的製程 7
(三) 發酵程度的影響 8
四、茶葉的保健功效 11
(一) 益於心血管疾病 11
(二) 二型糖尿病預防 11
(三) 降低肝指數 11
(四) 幫助減肥 11
(五) 癌症預防 12
(六) 降低失智症的可能性 12
五、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶簡介 12
(一) 鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶起源 12
(二) 凍頂烏龍茶特徵及傳統製程 12
(三) 感官品評與分數比重 13
(四) 鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶流程 (鹿谷鄉農會) 13
(五) 鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶商業價值 14
六、其他比賽茶競賽 14
(一) 魚池鄉農會比賽茶 (日月潭紅茶) 15
(二) 新竹縣東方美人茶優良茶比賽 16
(三) 阿里山鄉農會比賽茶 (阿里山高山茶) 17
(四) 新北市包種比賽茶 18
貳、材料與方法 19
一、茶樣品來源與前處理 19
二、藥品配製 21
三、高效能液相層析儀機型與分析條件 21
四、標準曲線製作 23
五、鑑別試驗及含量測定 24
六、統計分析 24
參、結果 25
一、高效能液相層析儀判讀 25
二、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶樣品依照方法 A 處理後高效能液相層析儀判讀結果 25
三、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶樣品依照方法 B 處理後高效能液相層析儀判讀結果 28
四、其他比賽茶樣品依照方法 A 處理後高效能液相層析儀判讀結果 30
五、其他比賽茶樣品依照方法 B 處理後高效能液相層析儀判讀結果 31
肆、討論 32
一、高效能液相層析儀判讀結果與確認 32
二、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶主要的兒茶素類成分 32
三、兩種方式萃取茶樣品中兒茶素類成分與咖啡因的比較 33
四、其他比賽茶樣品中咖啡因的比較 33
五、其他比賽茶樣品中兒茶素類成分的比較 33
六、本次實驗茶樣品與前人研究的比較 34
伍、附錄圖表 35
陸、參考文獻 43

圖表目錄
表 一、茶葉乾物質百分比 2
表 二、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶等級與價格 14
表 三、高效能液相層析儀分析茶樣品的條件設定 22
表 四、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶春茶依照方法 A 處理後各兒茶素及咖啡因含量 26
表 五、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶冬茶依照方法 A 處理後各兒茶素及咖啡因含量 27
表 六、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶春茶依照方法 B 處理後各兒茶素及咖啡因含量 28
表 七、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶冬茶依照方法 B 處理後各兒茶素及咖啡因含量 29
表 八、其他比賽茶樣品依照方法 A 處理後各兒茶素及咖啡因含量 30
表 九、其他比賽茶樣品依照方法 B 處理後各兒茶素及咖啡因含量 31

圖 一、兒茶素的化學結構 4
圖 二、黃酮醇類化學結構 5
圖 三、綠茶中兒茶素成分經發酵成紅茶的變化 8
圖 四、部分發酵茶製造工序比較表 9
圖 五、全發酵茶製造工序 10
圖 六、2016年日月潭紅茶評鑑優質獎 15
圖 七、2016年新竹縣冬季東方美人茶優良茶評鑑優良獎 16
圖 八、2016年阿里山高山茶冬季優良茶競賽金萱組優良獎 17
圖 九、2017年新北好茶春季文山包種茶比賽會優良獎 18
圖 十、比賽茶樣品 20
圖 十一、標準曲線及回歸方程式 23
圖 十二、標準品經過高效能液相層析儀分析的圖譜 25

附圖 一、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶 (春茶頭獎) 依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 35
附圖 二、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶 (冬茶頭獎) 依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 35
附圖 三、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶 (春茶頭獎) 依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 36
附圖 四、鹿谷鄉農會比賽茶 (冬茶頭獎) 依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 36
附圖 五、文山包種茶依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 37
附圖 六、阿里山茶 (金萱) 依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 37
附圖 七、阿里山茶 (青心烏龍) 依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 38
附圖 八、東方美人茶依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 38
附圖 九、日月潭紅茶 (紅玉) 依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 39
附圖 十、日月潭紅茶 (紅韻) 依照方法 A 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 39
附圖 十一、文山包種茶依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 40
附圖 十二、阿里山茶 (金萱) 依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 40
附圖 十三、阿里山茶 (青心烏龍) 依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 41
附圖 十四、東方美人茶依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 41
附圖 十五、日月潭紅茶 (紅玉) 依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 42
附圖 十六、日月潭紅茶 (紅韻) 依照方法 B 處理後經高效能液相層析儀分析後圖譜 42

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