臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去探討廠商績效差異的來源，已有很長一段時間，討論的方向大致從廠商、策略群組、產業三層級中尋找績效變異的來源；產業組織學派(Industry Organization, IO)認為產業是造成差異的主因，而資源基礎理論觀點(Resource-Based View, RBV)則認為廠商所具備的能力才是關鍵；然而兩學派在實務界上皆有其不足的地方，因此有學者提出權變觀點，主張當策略與資源達到配適時，績效會越好，以及環境與策略間的配適會影響到績效；而理想構型理論其內容所闡述的就是環境、策略與結構間的整體配適將會影響公司的績效表現。問題在於，構型理論真的存在嗎？亦即構型變數間是否真的存在一個最適的配適，越接近該構型，績效表現就會越好，不同的產業環境是否有不同的變數關係？由於此問題的答案牽涉到廠商是否應該學習，對於業界的高階主管有十分重要的實務意涵，因此本研究想進一步探究理想構型真的存在嗎？理想構型的存在是否會因為不同環境而有不同的影響關係？
本研究將結合策略配適與多層分析(HLM)的研究工具來探討構型理論的存在是否會受到產業環境的調節，探討七個產業中理想構型存在的情形；計算各產業單一年度各個策略群組的配適值，並放入多層模型中，運用階層線性迴歸分析，了解策略層級變數與產業變數是否會對配適值與績效之間產生調節效果。本研究資料來源為台灣經濟新報資料庫 (TEJ)，以上市上櫃的七個產業為研究對象，分別是紡織、機電設備、電子、化學、鋼鐵、營建其他業，研究期間為 1998 至 2014 年，共 17 年期間；本研究將進行三個階段，第一是計算並整理各產業中理想構型存在的情形，第二是將第一階段所算的配適值放入階層模型中，檢測是否存在理想構型；第三是加入群組以及產業層級變數，測試是否對廠商配適值存在調節效果。
實證結果顯示，廠商在選擇標竿廠商時，若趨近策略群組中的標竿廠商成果會優於選擇趨近整體產業中的標竿廠商；此外產業集中度越高的產業，越能強化理想構型存在的情境。整體而言，本研究以理想構型存在的條件與情境，回應廠商是否該作出模仿與學習行為的議題，並補足策略配適與解釋績效差異的理論缺口。

A long-standing debate has focused on the extent to which different levels of analysis impact firm performance. According to previous studies, there are three antecedents to shape firm performance: industry, strategy groups, firm. The industrial organization school (Industry Organization, IO) argues that market structure contributes greatly to firm profitability. Meanwhile, from the RBV perspective, suggests that firm specific skills basically determine firm advantages and performance. However, both of them got some problems when the manager used in practice. So the scholar suggest contingency theory, which view a firm can achieve better performance when it matching its resources and capabilities. The theory also mentions fit between strategy-environment would impact performance. The notion of ideal configuration is also suggest that the overall fit among environment, strategy and structure will influence firm’s profitability. But, does the ideal configuration exist? Does the most appropriate fit among variables exist? Which means the degree of adherence to a specified profile closer, the performance will be better. Does a different relationship between variables in different industries? Owing to the importance of this answer to executives in practice, this study wants to know does the ideal configuration exist and whether the existence of ideal configuration differ from different environment.
This study combines strategy fit and hierarchical linear model (HLM) to discuss whether the existence of ideal configuration moderated by the industrial environment. We use secondary data derived from 7 industries, there are Textile, Mechanical and electrical equipment, Electronics, Chemical, Steel and Other industry in Taiwan during 1998-2014 from Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database. The investigation includes three stages. First, we summarize the exist situation of the ideal configuration in these 7 industries. Second, we put the fit values into the model and assess whether the ideal configuration exists. Third, we test the moderating role of strategy group level and industry level.
Our findings show that firms approaching the strategy group benchmarks are better than approaching industry benchmarks. We also find that the higher market concentration of industry, the enhancer ideal configuration exists. To sum up, this research uses the condition and the context of the ideal configuration to reply the issue of whether firms should imitate or learn other firms. Besides, the research fills the gap of strategy fit theory and the different levels of analysis shape firm performance theory.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與目的 1
第二節 研究問題 2
第三節 研究流程 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 廠商對廠商績效的影響 5
第二節 策略群組對廠商績效的影響 6
第三節 產業對廠商績效的影響 7
第四節 策略配適對績效的影響 8
第三章 研究方法 15
第一節 研究架構 15
第二節 研究對象與樣本選取 17
第三節 變數定義與衡量方法 18
第四節 資料分析方法 26
第四章 資料分析 36
第一節 敘述性統計與相關分析 36
第二節 各產業理想構型存在狀況 39
第三節 HLM模型檢定結果 42
第五章 結論與建議 53
第一節 研究結果 53
第二節 理論與實務意涵 54
第三節 研究限制與建議 57
參考文獻 59

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