臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

茶角盲椿象 (Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius) 為茶樹重要害蟲，本試驗以其刺吸茶樹葉片後造成斑痕數及斑痕面積，來評估此蟲在不同生育期可能對茶樹造成損害的差異，結果顯示茶角盲椿象各個生長階段於早上、下午及晚上時段皆有刺吸取食行為，各生長階段以五齡若蟲所造成的危害斑痕數量最多，平均達60.7 ± 26.8 個，與雌成蟲之間無顯著差異；危害斑痕的總面積則以雌成蟲最大，平均為189.5 ± 108.0 mm2，但與五齡若蟲之間無顯著差異。以台茶18號做為對照組，分別測試茶角盲椿象對 8 種茶樹品種的取食偏好性，結果顯示茶角盲椿對所有測試品種皆會取食，但對青心大冇及四季春取食偏好性較低，相對取食斑痕數量的比率分別為 30.4 ± 10.3% 及 17.3 ± 11.1%，相對取食斑痕面積的比率則分別為 25.3 ± 8.7% 及17.9 ± 7.5%，皆與對照組間呈顯著差異，此外台茶 7 號的相對取食斑痕面積比率為 33.5 ± 9.6% ，亦與對照組間呈顯著差異。選取大花咸豐草、小花蔓澤蘭、紫花藿香薊、兩耳草等四種茶園常見雜草，以台茶18號做為對照組，進行茶角盲椿象的取食偏好性試驗，結果顯示，茶角盲椿象對於台茶 18 號的取食偏好性高於其他 4 種雜草，但當去除台茶 18 號的心芽及二片新葉後，則對大花咸豐草的取食偏好性為最高，此外，兩耳草在試驗中皆未發現被茶角盲椿象取食徵狀。分別以台茶 18 號及大花咸豐草新葉部位餵食茶角盲椿象並觀察其生活史，結果顯示茶角盲椿象皆可在兩者上完成生活史，若蟲的發育時間、成蟲壽命及雌成蟲產卵量，在餵食二種植物後均無顯著差異，確認大花咸豐草可為其寄主植物。另以兩耳草餵食茶角盲椿象觀察其生活史，結果顯示各齡期若蟲皆無法成功蛻皮至下一齡期，雌、雄成蟲分別僅能存活 0.9 ± 0.6 及 0.7 ± 0.5 天，且雌成蟲無法於兩耳草上成功產卵，顯示茶角盲椿象無法以兩耳草完成生活史。

The mosquito bug, Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius is a major pest of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). This study evaluated the feeding behavior of each stage of H. fasciaticollis. The result showed that each stage of H. fasciaticollis could feed at morning, afternoon, and night. The feeding spots of 5th instar nymph and the feeding areas of female adult were the most than other stages. Compare the feeding preference of H. fasciaticollis to different tea varieties. The result showed that all of the varieties were fed by H. fasciaticollis, but the preference of Chin Shin Dah Pan and Shy Jih Chuen were worse than TTES No. 18. The mean relative feeding spots ratios of H. fasciaticollis females between these two varieties were 30.4 ± 10.3, 17.3 ± 11.1%, respectively. The mean relative feeding areas ratios of H. fasciaticollis females were 25.3 ± 8.7, 17.9 ± 7.5%, respectively. Compare the feeding preference of H. fasciaticollis on TTES No. 18, Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata, Mikania micrantha H.B. & K, Ageratum houstonianum Mill. and Paspalum conjugatum Bergius. The result showed that TTES No. 18 was the most preference plant of H. fasciaticollis females than other weeds. However, when removed the bud and young leaves of TTES No. 18, B. pilosa was the most preference plant of H. fasciaticollis females. When fed with fresh shoot of B. pilosa and P. conjugatum to H. fasciaticollis. The result showed that H. fasciaticollis could complete its life cycle on B. pilosa, but couldn’t complete its life cycle on P. conjugatum.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iii
表目次 v
圖目次 vi
前言 1
前人研究 3
一、茶樹栽培現況及產業 3
二、茶樹的害蟲 3
三、角盲椿屬 Helopeltis spp. 害蟲 7
四、角盲椿屬 Helopeltis spp. 之寄主植物 7
五、台灣地區角盲椿屬 Helopeltis spp. 昆蟲 9
六、茶角盲椿象分類地位及地理分布 9
七、茶角盲椿象生態與危害情形 10
材料與方法 11
一、茶角盲椿象蟲源及室內繼代飼育 11
二、茶角盲椿象之取食習性探討 12
三、茶角盲椿象對不同品種茶樹之取食偏好性選擇測試 12
四、茶角盲椿象對茶園常見雜草之取食偏好測試 13
五、評估取食不同植物對茶角盲椿象生活史之影響 14
六、茶角盲椿象於兩耳草上取食及發育情形測試 15
七、統計與分析 16
結果 17
一、茶角盲椿象之取食習性分析 17
二、茶角盲椿象對不同品種茶樹之取食偏好性 19
三、測試茶角盲椿象對茶園常見雜草之取食偏好 19
四、餵食不同植物對茶角盲椿象生活史之影響 21
五、茶角盲椿象於兩耳草上取食及發育情形 22
討論 23
一、茶角盲椿象之取食習性探討 23
二、茶角盲椿象對不同品種茶樹之取食偏好性 23
三、茶角盲椿象對茶樹及雜草的取食選擇偏好性 24
四、茶角盲椿象餵食台茶 18 號及大花咸豐草之生活史比較 25
五、評估以兩耳草作為茶園草生栽培草種 26
參考文獻 28
圖表 35

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