臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大豆豆渣和豆漿泡沫為大豆加工常見之副產物，大豆豆渣含高膳食纖維、蛋白質等營養，泡沫組成類似豆漿。近年保健食品產量增加，錠劑為主要劑型之一，其中配方設計修飾錠劑崩散和指標成分釋放情形為研究主題之一。本實驗欲以大豆豆渣和豆漿泡沫水解液應用在錠劑，且利用海藻酸鈉和幾丁聚醣修飾錠劑釋放特性製備纖維補充品。實驗結果如下：豆渣粗纖維含量扣除水分高達49.41%，豆渣異黃酮含量153.56μg / g，泡沫總皂苷含量33.12 mg/ g dry basis，泡沫水解液隨著水解時間增加總多酚和DPPH清除能力上升，由電泳分子量組成結果選擇12小時水解液，並以1.3%海藻酸鈉液模擬泡沫水解液，並添加1%紅色色素液作為指標物。在大豆纖維&紅色色素液複合錠劑結果可得知：豆渣、海藻酸鈉和幾丁聚醣會降低錠劑緻密度和硬度，海藻酸鈉和幾丁聚醣可延長錠劑釋放，15%豆渣混合海藻酸鈉與幾丁聚醣錠劑(15%CR)可延緩釋放達12小時，累積釋放比率為60.28%、殘存質量比為33.71%、膨潤比率為546.41%，符合零級動力學，具延長釋放效果。大豆纖維&泡沫水解液複合錠硬度、緻密度較差，豆漿泡沫水解液混合海藻酸鈉與幾丁聚醣錠劑(CF)組別較豆漿泡沫水解液混合海藻酸鈉錠劑(AF)組別易崩散，可能為泡沫水解液組成較複雜影響錠劑緻密度，水解液pH值為弱酸性，促使幾丁聚醣崩散加劇，以15%AF有較佳延長釋放結果。錠劑異黃酮、總多酚、DPPH清除能力和總胺基酸含量，隨大豆豆渣含量減少而減少。本實驗可得大豆纖維複合錠劑配方模組，透過海藻酸鈉和幾丁聚醣修飾並探討賦形劑對於錠劑之物性、釋放特性與釋放動力學影響，未來可用於設計不同釋放時間之錠劑配方，希盼本實驗結果可為錠劑開發、大豆豆渣及豆漿泡沫相關產品之參考，並使大豆豆渣及泡沫有更多元化應用發展。

摘要 I
Abstract II
目次 III
圖表索引 IX
表次 IX
圖次 XI
壹、引言 1
貳、文獻回顧 3
一、大豆( Soybean )之介紹 3
(一)大豆之簡介 3
(二)大豆主要產地及產量 3
(三)大豆之組成分 4
二、大豆之機能成分 8
(一)大豆異黃酮 8
(二)大豆胜肽 10
(1)抗氧化 10
(2)抗肥胖 10
(3)抗癌 11
(4)降膽固醇 11
(5)抗高血壓 11
(6)免疫調節性 11
(三)大豆固醇( Soy sterols ) 12
(四)卵磷脂( Lecithin ) 12
(五)植酸(Phytic acid) 14
(六)大豆皂苷( Saponins) 15
三、豆渣介紹 18
(一)豆渣簡介 18
(二)豆渣產量 18
(三)豆渣目前用途 18
(四)豆渣的營養成分 19
四、大豆豆漿泡沫介紹 24
(一)豆漿泡沫由來 24
(二)水解液之機能功效 24
(1)水解方法 24
(2)機能功效 25
五、錠劑介紹 26
(一)保健食品簡介與市場概況 26
(二)錠劑簡介 26
(三)錠劑之製備 32
(1)直接壓錠法( Direct compression ) 32
(2)溼式造粒法( Wet granulation ) 32
(3)乾式造粒法( Dry granulation ) 33
(四)控制釋放(Controlled drug delivery, CDD) 37
(五)海藻酸鈉&幾丁聚醣錠 40
(1)海藻酸鈉間質型錠劑( Alginate based matrix tablets ) 40
(2)聚電解質複合物( Polyelectrolyte complexes ) 41
(3)幾丁聚醣&海藻酸鈉複合間質錠( Chitosan–sodium alginate matrix tablets ) 42
參、實驗目的 45
肆、實驗架構 46
伍、材料與方法 47
一、實驗材料 47
(一)主原料 47
(1)大豆( Soybean ) 47
(2)豆渣( Okara ) 47
(3)豆漿泡沫( Foam ) 47
(4)紅色色素6號( New coccin ) 47
(5)錠劑賦形劑 47
(二)實驗藥品 48
(1)標準品 48
(2)鳳梨酵素KC-102 (Bromelain) 48
二、實驗方法 48
(一)基本成分分析 48
(1)水分( Moisture ) 48
(2)灰分( Ash ) 49
(3)粗脂肪 ( Crude fat ) 49
(4)粗蛋白質 ( Crude protein ) 49
(5)粗纖維( Crude fiber ) 50
(6)無氮萃取物 (Nitrogen free extract, NFE ) 50
(二)機能成分分析 51
(1)大豆異黃酮 51
(2)總多酚( Total polyphenol ) 52
(3) DPPH清除自由基能力 ( DPPH scavenging activity ) 52
(4)總皂苷 53
(三)豆漿泡沫水解液之製備 53
(1)酵素液之製備 53
(2)豆漿泡沫水解 53
(3)胺基態氮含量( Amino nitrogen ) 53
(4)水解率測定( Degree of hydrolysis, DH ) 54
(5)胺基酸組成 54
(6)聚丙醯胺膠體電泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) 54
(四)大豆纖維&紅色色素液複合錠 57
(五)大豆纖維&豆漿泡沫水解液複合錠 57
(六)錠劑物性因子試驗 60
(1)重量差異度試驗(Variance of tablet weight ) 60
(2)直徑厚度( Diameter & Thickness ) 60
(3)硬度( Hardness ) 60
(4)脆碎度( Friability ) 60
(5)崩解時間(Disintegrating time ) 61
(6)色澤( Color ) 61
(7) 示差熱掃描分析儀( Differential scanning calorimetry, DSC ) 61
(8)掃描式電子顯微鏡( Scanning electron microscope, SEM ) 61
(9)傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析( FT-IR ) 62
(10)X光繞射分析( X-ray diffraction analysis, XRD ) 62
(11)水活性( Water activity ) 62
(12)粉體假密度( Bulk density ) 62
(13)粉體振實密度( Tapped density ) 63
(14)粉體流動性 63
(七)錠劑體外模擬釋放試驗 65
(1)模擬胃腸液之配製 65
(2)模擬胃腸液連續釋放試驗 65
(3)侵蝕膨潤試驗 66
(七)統計分析 66
陸、結果與討論 67
第一章「大豆豆渣、豆漿泡沫水解液製備及其理化性質評估」 67
(一)基本成分分析 68
(二)機能成分分析 71
(1)異黃酮、總皂苷、總多酚含量和DPPH能力 71
(2)胺基酸含量 76
(三)豆漿泡沫水解液 79
第二章「大豆纖維&紅色色素液複合錠研發及其構型建立」 83
(一)大豆纖維&紅色色素液複合錠之物理特性之評估 84
(1)錠劑配方粉末之微細構造 84
(2)配方錠劑之剖面微細構造 87
(3)錠劑之外觀和大小 90
(4)色澤比較 95
(5)配方粉末流動性 98
(5)錠劑之硬度、脆碎度和崩解時間 101
(6)熱性質分析比較 104
(7)FTIR分析比較 110
(8)XRD分析比較 115
(二)大豆纖維&紅色色素液機能錠於模擬胃腸液之釋放特性 119
(1)外觀 119
(2)微細構造 121
(3)錠劑之侵蝕、膨潤性 124
(4)紅色色素釋放量 128
(5)錠劑釋放動力學評估 132
(6)FTIR、XRD分析比較 138
第三章「大豆纖維&豆漿泡沫水解液複合錠釋放模式評估」 142
(一)大豆纖維&豆漿泡沫水解液複合錠之物理特性之評估 143
(1)錠劑外觀、微細構造探討 143
(2)錠劑之重量、大小和色澤評估 148
(3)錠劑之流動性 153
(4)錠劑之硬度、脆碎度、崩解時間和水活性 155
(5)錠劑熱性質、FTIR和XRD分析 158
(6)錠劑大豆異黃酮、總多酚、DPPH抗氧化和總胺基酸含量 165
(二)大豆纖維&豆漿泡沫水解液機能錠於模擬胃腸液之釋放特性 169
(1)外觀、微細構造 169
(2)侵蝕膨潤、釋放量 174
(3)釋放動力學評估 180
柒、結論 186
捌、參考文獻 188

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