滴雞精為一古老之方法所熬製，高溫長時間的萃取而成。根據本草綱目之記載，老母雞為一極佳之藥引，而老母雞即為寡產雞，以其製成之滴雞精為良好的營養補給品，本研究旨在探討滴雞精對於青少年期、壯年期以及老年期不同性別ICR小鼠抗疲勞效果之研究。
　　本實驗使用寡產雞來製作滴雞精，並對不同雞隻原料及滴雞精進行一般成分分析、水解胺基酸分析及計算其製成率，比較其中之差別並進行動物實驗。 將滴雞精減壓濃縮為兩倍及五倍，分為三個時期進行試驗及比較：1.青少年期：使用4週齡ICR小鼠，公母各32隻，每8隻分為一組，共四組（控制組及寡產雞滴雞精低濃度組總蛋白濃度約為27.73 mg/mL、寡產雞滴雞精中濃度組總蛋白濃度約為55.46 mg/mL及寡產雞滴雞精高濃度組總蛋白濃度約為138.65 mg/mL），控制組依照體重每克管餵0.012mL蒸餾水減少誤差，而處理組則依照其處理，每克體重管餵0.012mL，在八周齡進行力竭游泳試驗、前肢抓握試驗以及拉力測試至十周齡後犧牲並進行血液生化指標（肌酸激酶、肌酸酐、血乳酸、血糖、血尿素氮及肝臟肝醣）分析，判斷抗疲勞之功效2.壯年期：使用4週齡ICR小鼠，公母各32隻，每8隻分為一組，共八組，餵養至12月齡後進行試驗，試驗處理及檢驗同於青少年期。3.老年期：使用4週齡ICR小鼠，公母各24隻，每6隻分為一組，共八組，餵養至18月齡後進行試驗，試驗處理同於青少年期及壯年期之試驗處理。
　寡產雞滴雞精成分分析顯示，與市售具抗疲勞健康食品認證之滴雞精進行比較，發現具有更高的支鏈胺基酸(Branched chain amino acids , BCAA)含量，推測其具有更佳的抗疲勞效果。而在動物實驗中顯示，寡產雞滴雞精的補充，可以有效降低不同年齡階段及性別小鼠運動後血乳酸之含量，並於回復期後使血乳酸更快回復至正常範圍，以及抑制運動後之血液中的血糖消耗，且根據力竭游泳試驗以及前肢抓握試驗之結果中，滴雞精的補充可以改善各年齡階段之小鼠運動表現，而在肝醣等其他生化值方面，滴雞精的補充也具有一定的幫助。根據結果發現，中劑量之滴雞精具有最佳之改善效果，且在壯年階段和老年階段部分抗疲勞指標中呈現較佳的改善效果。

Dripped chicken essence (DCE) is made by a Chinese compendium and is a liquid nutritional supplement with high quality of protein, amino acid and free fatty acid. “Compendium of Materia Medica”, a famous Chinese compendium, indicates that spent hens (SP) is one of the great guiding drug, which could be applied to manufacture DCE with lower price and increase the residual value of SP. A lot of studies have been shown that the chicken essence (CE) elicits anti-fatigue effects, which implies that DCE may have similar effects. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of DCE on fatigue at different age.
DCE was made by SP. Distilled water was used as normal group. The amino acid composition and general ingredient were analyzed in all samples. Anti-fatigue effect was conducted by using the different age of mouse model: 1. Group of young mice: 32 male and 32 female 4-week-old ICR were divided into 4 group: normal and DCE of SP (concentration of total protein: 27.73 mg/mL, 55.46 mg/mL and 138.65 mg/mL). Each mouse was administrated orally by different samples according to its body weight (0.012 mL/g) everyday from 7 weeks old. The physical challenge and anti-fatigue function, including forelimb grip strength, exhausting swimming time, and the main biomarkers of fatigue (blood lactate, blood glucose, liver glycogen, creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen) were evaluated after 1 weeks treatment. 2. Group of middle aged mice: 32 male and 32 female 12-month-old ICR were divided into 4 group: normal and DCE of SP (27.73 mg/mL, 55.46 mg/mL and 138.65 mg/mL), and the experiment design is alike group of puberty. 3. Group of old mice: 24 male and 24 female 18-month-old ICR were divided into 4 groups: normal and DCE of SP (27.73 mg/mL, 55.46 mg/mL and 138.65 mg/mL), and the experiment design is alike group of puberty.
To the result of the analysis of branched chain amino acids, we found that the DCE of SP has more branched chain amino acids than the commercial dripped chicken essence with health food certification of anti-fatigue. To the result of experiment, level of blood lactate was lower in the group of DCE supplement compare with the normal group. And the DCE group also had a high level in blood glucose after exhausting swimming at young mice group, middle aged mice group and old mice group. The results show that DCE could increase the performance of exercise and the concentration of liver glycogen too and decrease the concentration of blood creatine kinase. These finding demonstrated that DCE have great effect on anti-fatigue. And the effect is more significant in the middle aged mice group and old mice group.

壹、中文摘要 i
貳、英文摘要 ii
參、前言 1
肆、文獻探討 2
一、台灣寡產雞之概況 2
二、雞精 2
三、長時間耐力運動 3
四、運動中的能量代謝系統 4
(一) 無氧代謝 4
1. 磷酸肌酸的分解 4
2. 糖解作用 5
(二) 有氧代謝 6
五、疲勞之作用機制 8
(一) 中樞疲勞 9
(二) 外周疲勞 10
1. 肝臟及肌肉肝醣不足 10
2. 血乳酸堆積 12
3. 血糖降低 12
4. 肌酸酐及肌酸激酶的產生 13
5. 血尿素氮含量上升 14
6. 質子的堆積 14
六、不同年齡及性別對運動後之疲勞之影響 15
1.肌肉型態 15
2.肌肉纖維面積 16
3.能量代謝產物 16
4.不同性別之間之差異 17
伍、材料與方法-試驗一 19
一、試驗材料 20
二、試驗材料分析 20
(一)一般成分分析 20
1. 乾物質 20
2. 灰分 20
3. 粗蛋白 20
4. 粗脂肪 21
5. 水分 21
(二)胺基酸組成分析 22
三、動物試驗 22
(一)實驗動物飼養及試驗分組 22
(二)實驗項目 23
1. 實驗動物體重、採食量及飲水量 23
2. 抗疲勞試驗 23
(1) 力竭游泳試驗 23
(2) 30秒肌耐力測試 24
(3) 拉力試驗 24
3. 血液生化值分析 24
4. 肝臟及肌肉外觀觀察 24
5. 肝臟肝醣分析 24
6. 組織切片 25
7. 統計方法 26
陸、材料與方法-試驗二 27
一、試驗材料 28
二、動物試驗 28
(一) 實驗動物飼養及試驗分組 28
1. 壯年期抗疲勞試驗 28
2. 老年期抗疲勞試驗 28
(二) 實驗項目 29
1. 實驗動物體重、採食量及飲水量 29
2. 抗疲勞試驗 29
3. 血液生化值分析 29
4. 肝臟及肌肉外觀觀察 30
5. 肝臟肝醣分析 30
6. 組織切片 30
7. 各成長階段比較 30
8. 統計方法 30
柒、結果與討論 31
一、滴雞精原料肉及滴雞精之一般組成分分析 31
二、滴雞精之製成率 33
三、滴雞精水解胺基酸之成分分析 34
四、不同年齡間ICR小鼠之抗疲勞效果比較 37
(一) 每周體重 37
(二) 飲水量與採食量 40
(三) 力竭游泳時間 42
(四) 血乳酸含量 48
(五) 血糖含量 60
(六) 30秒肌耐力評分 70
(七) 前肢拉力測試 74
(八) 肝臟肝醣含量 79
(九) 血尿素氮含量 85
(十) 血液肌酸激酶含量 91
(十一) 血液中肌酸酐含量 97
(十二) 器官外觀觀察 101
(十三) 組織H&E染色切片(Haematoxylin and eosin stain) 103
捌、結論 107
玖、參考文獻 108


 

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