臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來隨著科技進步，各種複合材料或難切削材料，如鎳基合金等，被大量使用在汽車、航太等地方，而新材料需要新的加工方式，所以超音波振動輔助加工對於精密加工極為重要，並已經證實可以改善傳統加工方式的技術，具有效降低切削力、減少材料毛邊現象、增加加工效率、提升加工表面品質與刀具磨耗減少等優點。
超音波振動輔助切削驅動器，利用掃頻功能，找出不同刀具之最佳共振頻率，並在加工過程中持續追蹤，並利用最佳共振頻率加工，以提高加工的精確度與穩定度。本實驗室所開發之超音波振動輔助切削驅動器對不同的變幅桿或刀具有不同的共振頻率。因此，當每次更換不同變幅桿或刀把時，掃頻範圍皆不盡相同。當更換不同變幅桿或刀把時，必須要重新掃頻、分析阻抗落點位置、拆卸超音波振動輔助切削驅動器之外殼、燒入新的設置之頻率範圍單晶片資料、測試超音波振動輔助切削驅動器等等步驟與不同儀器操作之。由此可知，此操作是非常繁瑣與不方便。
為了改善此介面，讓使用者容易理解與方便使用而進行此研究，本論文旨為了提升介面之使用性，以人性化人機介面為出發點，讓使用者容易理解並上手，因此開發此系統，以協助使用者方便控制超音波振動輔助切削驅動器。另外，在資料分析上，能利用藍芽掃頻裝置，自動產生出頻率相位之圖檔，讓使用者能方便簡單找出頻率共振點之位置，並有效提升使用者工作效率與精準度。
在實驗中分析兩組刀具，因超音波振動頻率會根據加工刀具的形狀幾何不同而變動共振之頻率，由實驗結果得知，本實驗室所開發之人機介面超音波振動輔助切削驅動器與阻抗分析儀對刀把之掃頻功能，兩者掃頻數據是具有一致性的。且超音波刀把振幅能藉由人機介面調整大小，其最大振幅為4μm，最小振幅為1μm。本研究幫助使用者跳過繁雜操作流程，操作人機介面流程步驟操作，即可精準且有效率的控制超音波振動輔助切削驅動器。

In recent years, a lot of composites are used in many fields, including car or aerospace. New composite materials need new processing methods, thus ultrasonic vibration assisted machining is extremely important for precision machining. The advantage of ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting (UVAC) is effectively reduction the cutting force, reduction of burrs, increase processing efficiency, surface quality improvement and significant improvement tool life. UVAC can improve the traditional processing methods.
Ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting System (UVACS) can use frequency sweep to find the best resonant frequency for different horn or ultrasonic vibration assisted tool. UVACS has continuous-phase frequency tracking to find the best resonant frequency during machining, it improve the accuracy and stability of processing. However, when users change the horn or ultrasonic vibration assisted tool, they need to change the best resonant frequency. All of the pipeline is to restart frequency sweep, analyze the impedance position, remove the UVACS shell, set the frequency range for single-chip microcomputer data, test UVACS and others apparatus.
Thus, we developed of a user interface to help users operation UVACS, including five functions: user interface switch, Bluetooth distal frequency sweep, HMI change UVACS resonant frequency output range, automatic generation the frequency-phase figure and user interface adjustment the UVACS output amplitude. Our UVACS HMI improved the user working efficiency and accuracy. In addition, we developed visualized-software in computer, and the software could carried to other systems.
In this study, we analyzed the frequency sweep result of UVACS and precision impedance analyzer using two tools, we found that the two frequency sweep results are consistent. The ultrasonic vibration assisted tool adjusted amplitude by user interface, The maximum amplitude is 4μm and the minimum amplitude is 1μm. This study will help users easily and quickly to operate precision machining process.

中文摘要 ................................................. i
Abstract ............................................... iii
目錄 ..................................................... v
圖目錄 ................................................. vii
表目錄 ................................................. xii
第1章 緒論 ............................................... 1
1.1前言 .................................................. 1
1.1.1研究目的與動機 ...................................... 2
1.2文獻回顧 .............................................. 3
1.2.1現今超音波工具機與控制器發展技術 .................... 4
1.2.2超音波振動輔助加工技術與應用 ........................ 7
1.2.3人機介面之應用技術 ................................. 11
1.3本研究的傳承與應用 ................................... 16
1.4專利文獻探索 ......................................... 17
1.4.1專利分析 ........................................... 17
1.4.2國內專利檢索 ....................................... 21
1.5論文架構 ............................................. 23
第2章 超音波輔助加工理論 ................................ 24
2.1超音波輔助加工應用 ................................... 24
2.1.1超音波振動輔助鑽削 ................................. 24
2.1.2超音波振動輔助車削 ................................. 25
2.1.3超音波振動輔助銑削 ................................. 25
2.1.4超音波振動輔助磨削 ................................. 26
2.2超音波振動輔助之驅動原理 ............................ .27
2.2.1壓電材料特性 ....................................... 27
2.2.2蘭杰文(Langevin) ................................... 28
2.2.3超音波變幅桿設計原理與分析 ......................... 29
2.3超音波輔助加工特點 ................................... 31
第3章 系統架構與規劃實驗內容 ............................ 32
3.1人機介面軟體語言與硬體設備 ........................... 34
3.2傳輸通訊介面 ......................................... 41
3.2.1並列與序列通訊簡介 ................................. 41
3.2.2序列資料傳輸協定… ......................... 42
3.3實驗規劃與步驟 ....................................... 43
3.3.1人機開關 ........................................... 44
3.3.2藍芽遠端傳輸 ....................................... 45
3.3.3人機設定頻率輸出範圍 ............................... 46
3.3.4自動繪製頻率相位圖 ................................. 47
3.3.5人機調整振幅大小 ................................... 48
第4章 系統設計與實驗結果與討論 ...................... 51
4.1超音波振動輔助切削驅動器人機介面動作設計 ............. 51
4.2超音波振動輔助切削驅動器之人機介面頁面系統 ........... 53
4.3阻抗分析儀與超音波人機介面掃頻實驗 ................... 58
4.3.1刀片測試 ........................................... 59
4.3.2螺絲測試 ........................................... 64
第5章 結論與未來展望 ................ 67
5.1結論 ................................................. 67
5.2未來展望 ............................... 68
參考文獻 ................................................ 69

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