臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的旨在探討競爭作用對大雪山地區紅檜（Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum.）人工林單木及林分層級生長和枯死之影響，其內容主要包含單木生長模式、單木枯死模式、單木樹冠幅推估模式之建立、不同疏伐強度之林分於兩次生長期間內林分生長、枯死及樹冠競爭指數之差異和林分結構變化等，研究區域位於大安溪事業區第121及123林班，為臺灣中部之疏伐示範區，該林分於1975年栽植並於2004年時進行強度疏伐（保留株數800株 ha-1）、中度疏伐（保留株數1000株 ha-1）及未疏伐等3種疏伐處理。本研究採用永久樣區之設置，調查自疏伐前、疏伐後、疏伐後4年及疏伐後8年之資料進行分析，結果顯示，以競爭指數預測單木未來之生長效果良好，其中加權修正後的Hegyi指數與單木之生長量具有最高的相關係數（r=-0.837），配合距離獨立的競爭指數可有效解釋競爭作用對於單木生長之影響（R^2=73.48%）；單木枯死模式之研究則發現，以距離獨立的Lorimer競爭作用預測林木未來之枯死機率可具有相當高的判別正確率（95.71%）；林分生長部分以二因子重複量數變異數分析探討林分生長量於不同「生長期間」及「疏伐處理」之差異，由研究結果得知，各林分之生長均有減退的現象發生，疏伐效益隨著時間的變化亦有顯著的減弱；另由樹冠競爭指數及林分枯死量分析中可發現，中度疏伐林分雖已伐除部分下層木，然而內部仍有相當高的競爭壓力；而林分結構部分則分析以Weibull機率密度函數配合不同參數求解法模擬各疏伐處理林分於疏伐前、疏伐後、疏伐後4年及疏伐後8年之直徑分布，其中，以最大概似法所得之模擬效果最佳。本研究以競爭作用探討紅檜人工林經疏伐後各層面之變化，並配合統計模式建立各種模式，所得之結果將可作為推估紅檜人工林生長及枯死與實施疏伐作業之參考。

The purpose of this study was to show the competition effects on tree and stand levels of Taiwan red cypress（Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum.）plantations. The individual tree growth model, mortality model, crown radius model, stand growth, crown competition factor and structure were compared in thinning treatments and stand developments. The study area was located in Ta-An-His Working Circle at No. 121 and 123 compartments of central Taiwan. The stand was planted in 1975 and three treatments, i.e., heavy thinning (remaining 800 trees ha-1), moderate thinning (remaining 1000 trees ha-1) and no thinning, were practiced in the Taiwan red cypress stand in 2004. In addition 12 permanent plots were set up for surveying and analyzing in 2004（before and after thinning）to 2012（after thinning 8 years）. The result showed that the fixed Hegyi index had highest correlation coefficient with individual tree growth (r=-0.837) and performed well in growth model (R^2=73.48%). In the individual mortality model, we found that Lorimer index had a classification correct rate for predicting mortality (95.71%). In the stand level, 2 way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the stand growth of different thinning treatments and periods. The result showed that growth of each stand was decreasing and thinning effects was also reducing with time. According to crown competition factor and stand mortality, we found competition and mortality in moderate thinning stand was as high as unthinned stand. Moreover, the Weibull probability density function with methods of maximum likelihood estimation and percentile estimation were used to simulate stand diameter distribution with different thinning treatments. By the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the best simulative effects were obtained from maximum likelihood estimation method. The findings will provide detailed information for estimating individual develop and thinning effects of Taiwan red cypress plantations.

摘要..............................i
Abstract.........................ii
目次............................iii
表目次...........................iv
圖目次...........................vi

壹、前言...........................1
一、研究動機.....................1
二、研究問題與目的................2
三、研究貢獻.....................4
四、研究流程.....................5
貳、前人研究.......................7
一、競爭作用的影響與測定方式.......7
二、生長模式與枯死模式...........15
三、林分結構的模擬...............18
參、研究材料與方法.................22
一、研究區域與材料概況...........22
二、研究設備與分析軟體...........26
三、研究方法....................26
肆、結果與討論....................40
一、單木層級....................40
二、林分層級....................58
伍、結論與建議....................81
陸、參考文獻......................84

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