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研究生:李竹
研究生(外文):Zhu Lee
論文名稱:蝴蝶蘭物種種子及其發芽之形態與商業品種雜交子代選拔
論文名稱(外文):The morphology of seed and In vitro germination of Phalaenopsis species and progeny selection of commercial hybrids
指導教授:張正張正引用關係
指導教授(外文):Chen Chang
口試委員:黃光亮朱建鏞李勇毅
口試委員(外文):Kuang-Liang HuangChien-Young ChuYung-I Lee
口試日期:2017-06-21
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:園藝學系所
學門:農業科學學門
學類:園藝學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:91
中文關鍵詞:種子性狀發芽生長指數全互交性狀調查
外文關鍵詞:seed traitgermination growth indexreciprocal crosstraits survey
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蝴蝶蘭產業蓬勃發展,並有相當之栽培研究,但該屬物種的種子形態以及種子發芽的相關基礎資訊卻十分稀少,本研究第一部份對蝴蝶蘭屬中10個物種及2個亞種的種子性狀與8個物種及2個亞種的無菌播種進行調查,配合種子發芽生長指數,觀察種子的外觀性狀以及發芽後之表現。多數物種的種子呈橢圓形至長橢圓形,僅朵麗蘭P. pulcherrima與姬蝴蝶蘭P. equestris種子呈紡錘狀,其中鹿角蝴蝶蘭P. cornu-cervi種子體積最大,姬蝴蝶蘭P. equestris體積最小。無菌播種後以蝴蝶蘭亞屬中的物種發芽速度較快,對使用之培養基反應良好,派利西亞屬中派利西蝴蝶蘭P. parishii剛播種時發芽指數較低,播種八周後發芽指數提高,多唇亞屬之物種發芽速率最慢,推測不同亞屬之物種對培養基可能有偏好。
新品種的推出可以提供市場新的選擇,更新舊有品種,本研究第二部份利用四個商業品種進行全互交、測定基因組大小、檢測花粉活力。全互交後的子代初步調查植株與花朵之特性,觀察後代性狀表現趨勢、親本對性狀造成之影響。也依據子代之表現從中選出外表優秀且葉片短、葉長寬比小之單株。親本之花粉檢測後皆可發芽,基因組大小介於4.24-4.59 pg,互交後著果率良好,成熟之種子有胚率皆達50%以上,最後共280株子代開花。同一母本下,以興農阿嬤為父本之子代植株葉長寬比較小,V31為父本下觀察到花朵器官較大。最後於所有雜交後代中選出3株單株,其葉片性狀符合本試驗需求。
Phalaenopsis industry has been well developmented and many studies focus on the cultivation. But, the basic research of seed traits and germination performance of Phalaenopsis species is still few. The first chapter of this study observe the seed traits of 10 species and 2 subspecies, germination performance of 8 species and 2 subspecies in three Phalaenopsis subgenera with the seed germination growth index. The seeds of the most species are oval to long oval. Only the seeds of P. pulcherrima and P. equestris are spindle-shaped. The seeds volume of P. cornu-cervi is largest. On the contrary, the seeds volume of P. equestris is smallest. The germination rate of the species in subgenus Phalaenopsis is fast than the other subgenera. P. parishii, in the subgenus Parishianea has the lowest germination rate at the week 4. After week 8, the germination growth index became higer. The phenomenon indicate that species in different subgenera may have different preference to the culture medium.
Realease new cultivar can provide more options for the market and to renovate the old cultivar. In the second chapter of this study, four commercial cultivars are used to reciprocal cross, examing the genome size and testing the pollen vaitalty. To observe the performance of hybrids, they were investigated the characteristics of plant and flower. In additional, we select the individual that leaf short and aspect ratio low with appearance well. All the pollen of used parents can germinate in culture medium. The genome size is between 4.24-4.59 pg. After pollinated, the situation of fruit set is great and all the cross has 50% embryo rate at least. There are 280 hybrids bloom totally. At the situation of same seed parent, as Xing-nong A-ma be the pollen parent, the length of plant, flower stalk and leave length/width ratio of offsprings is low. As the V31 be the pollen parent, the flower size of offsprings is bigger than the other. Finally, we selected three individual that leaf trait corresponse to our require.
摘要……………………………….…………………………………………...……….i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………...…………ii
目次………………………………...…………………………….…………..…………iii
表目次……………………………………………………...…….………..……………vi
圖目次…………………………………………………………………..…………......vii
第一章 前言…………………………………………………………...………………..1
第二章 前人研究
一、蘭科植物簡介……………………………………………………………………2
二、 蝴蝶蘭屬Phalaenopsis簡介…………………………………………………….2
三、蝴蝶蘭亞屬簡介及物種介紹……………………………………………………3
(一)Subgenus Proboscidioides 長嘴蝴蝶亞屬……………………………………...4
(二)Subgenus Aphyllae 落葉蝴蝶亞屬……………………………………………..4
(三)Subgenus Parishianea 派利西亞屬…………………………...………………..5
(四)Subgenus Polychilos 多唇亞屬……………………………………………….…5
(五)Subgenus Phalaenopsis 蝴蝶亞屬…………..……………………...…………6
四、蘭花種子及其形態………………………………………………………………10
五、蘭花種子發芽與原球體發育指標……………………………………………..11
六、蝴蝶蘭育種……………………………………………………………………..12
七、花色素…………………………………………………………………………..14
八、花朵之獨立著色………………………………………………………………...15
九、獨立著色之遺傳、分子層次研究……………………………………………..15
十、蝴蝶蘭育種趨勢………………………………………………………………..16
十一、引用文獻……………………………………………………..……………….17
第三章 原種蝴蝶蘭種子及無菌發芽之研究
摘要………………………………………………………..………………………..23
Abstract……………………………………………………..………………………..24
一、前言……………………………………………………..………………………..25
二、材料與方法……………………………………………………………………..26
(一)植物材料自交授粉與採果…………………………………………………….26
(二)種子性狀調查………………………………………………………………….26
(三)無菌播種與發芽生長指數評估……………………………………………….26
(四)原球體解剖與石蠟切片……………………………………………………….27
(五)統計方法……………………………………………………………………….28
三、結果………………………………………………………………………………..29
(一)種子長寬與胚長寬………………………………………….…………………29
(二)種子體積、胚體積、氣室百分率………………………….…………………29
(三)種子及胚長寬比與氣室百分率比較……………………………………………30
(四)發芽生長指數………………………………………………………….………...30
(五)原球體石蠟切片觀察…………………………………………………………...31
四、討論……………………………………………………………………………..32
(一)種子、胚外觀性狀………………………………………………………………32
(二)種子體積、胚體積與氣室百分率………………………………………………32
(三)發芽生長指數…………………………………………………………………...33
五、引用文獻……………………………………………………..…………………50
第四章 蝴蝶蘭商業品種雜交子代選拔與性狀分析
摘要……………………………………………………………….………………..52
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..53
一、前言……………………………………………………………………………..54
二、材料與方法……………………………………………………………………..55
(一)植物材料及全互交…………………………………………...…………………55
(二)流式細胞儀檢測染色體組大小………………………………...………………55
(三)花粉活力測定……………………………………………………...……………55
(四)果莢採收、有胚率計算與播種……………………………………..………….56
(五)瓶苗培養………………………………………………………………………...56
(六)出瓶栽培及催花…………………………………………………………...……56
(七)開花株調查……………………………………………………………………...57
(八)同母本之子代性狀分析…………………………………………………...……58
(九)正反交下子代性狀差異………………………………………………………...58
(十)子代選拔………………………………………………………………………...58
三、結果……………………………………………………………………………..59
(一親本性狀敘述…………………………………………………………………..59
(二)流式細胞儀測定基因組大小…………………………………………………...59
(三)花粉活力測定…………………………………………………………………...59
(四)著果率及有胚率………………………………………………………………...59
(五)栽培過程及各組合開花株總計………………………………………………..60
(六)興農阿嬤為母本下子代性狀分析……………………………………………...60
(七)V31為母本下子代性狀分析……………………………………………………61
(八)鉅寶紅玫瑰為母本下子代性狀分析…………………………………………...61
(九)新原美人為母本下子代性狀分析……………………………………………...61
(十)正反交下子代性狀分析………………………………………………………...62
(十一)子代選拔………………………………………………………………...……63
四、討論………..……………………………………………………………………64
(一)選用親本稔性評估……………………………………………………………...64
(二)子代性狀表現…………………………………………………………………...64
(三)後代選拔………………………………………………………………………...65
五、引用文獻………………………………………………………………………..87
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………………89
附錄一、原種蝴蝶蘭自交採果週數紀錄……………………..………………..90
附錄二、中興大學精密溫室平均溫度…………………………………………..91
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