臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於共享經濟的興起與環保意識的抬頭，越來越多人選擇使用公共自行車解決大眾運輸系統中的「最後一哩」之問題，而公共自行車路網及使用人數也越來越多，路網的布建位置及使用者之使用觀感對於公共自行車營運者也相對的越來越重要。因此，適當的調度且能用最低成本或是讓供需失衡發生率降為最低之狀況下，並能更滿足使用者較多需求量，為一重要問題。
過去的公共自行車調度相關研究多為使用給一定值，進行車輛途程之求解，而本研究為針對降低供需失衡發生率之狀況下提出一方法解決，利用蒐集YouBike之歷史租借資料，算出其平均值作為預測值，藉由長久時間收集之歷史資料，預測某個時間點、某個站點之需求量，利用時間窗概念，將未運補之腳踏車車輛數計算其懲罰成本，求解最佳運補路線。
本研究以台北市公共自行車YouBike之站點作為數值範例，探討調度出發前之車上數量及運補路線成本，尋求最佳解。藉由測試範例，顯示最佳起始載運車輛數，研究之成果可供相關營運者在規劃時進行調度之模擬，提升運補之效益。

In recent years, due to the rise of sharing economy and the rise of environmental awareness, more and more people have chosen to use public bicycles to solve the "Last Mile" problem in public transportation systems. The layout of the route network and the user perception for the Bicycle Sharing System operators are relatively more and more important because of the increased usage of the Bicycle Sharing System network. Therefore, it is an important issue to have appropriate scheduling to minimize the cost or the incidence of imbalance between supply and demand in order to meet the needs of more users.
In the past, the research on scheduling Bicycle Sharing System mostly used the given value to solve the vehicle routing problem. In this study, we propose a method to solve the problem of reducing the incidence of imbalance between the supply and demand. The collected historical rental data to calculate the average value as the forecasting value are used. The demand of the particular time and station can be predicted according to the long-term historical rental data. Based on the concept of the Time Window, the number of bicycles that have not yet been transported will be calculated to the penalty cost to get the best routing.
Taking the site of Taipei City Public Bicycle “YouBike” as the numerical experiment, this study discusses the initial amount of bicycles and the cost of routing to seek the best solution. The best initial amount of bicycles on the vehicle is shown according to the numerical experiment. The model of this study can be used by the relevant operators to plan the scheduling simulation in order to enhance the effectiveness of the operation.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1. Research Motivations 1
1.2. Research Goals 3
1.3. Research Scope 3
1.4. Thesis Organization 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 5
2.1. Bicycle Sharing System 5
2.1.1. Internal Bicycle Sharing System 5
2.1.2. External Bicycle Sharing System 6
2.2. Vehicle Routing Problem and Rebalancing Problem in Bicycle Sharing Systems 7
2.3. Problem with Time Windows 7
Chapter 3 Analysis Method 9
3.1. Problem Description 9
3.2. Research Hypothesis and Limitation 9
3.3. Mathematical formulation 10
3.3.1. Notation 10
3.3.2. Model 11
3.4. Structure of Algorithm 12
3.4.1. Steps for the method 12
3.4.2. Illustrative example for the method 12
3.5. Structure of Algorithm for Electric Bicycle Sharing System 15
Chapter 4 Experimental Results 18
4.1. Datasets Description 18
4.2. Numerical experiments 20
4.2.1. Parameters 20
4.2.2. Results of the method 21
4.3. The Comparisons 27
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Works 28
5.1. Conclusions 28
5.2. Future Works 28
References 30

[1]Introduction of “The Sharing Economy”:
from http://www.cna.com.tw/news/newsworld/201407310003-1.aspx
[2]Introduction of YouBike: from http://taipei.youbike.com.tw/cht/f31.php
[3]2017/2 Monthly Rentals @ Taipei City: from YouBike APP
[4]Introduction of CityBike: from https://goo.gl/eG24F4
[5]Introduction of YouBike: from https://goo.gl/a7eFCQ
[6]Introduction of Bycyklen: from https://goo.gl/toq3BY
[7]Introduction of Bicing: from https://goo.gl/toq3BY
[8] Ahmed Abdelmoumene Kadri, Imed Kacem, and Karim Labadi (2016), A branch-and-bound algorithm for solving the static rebalancing problem in bicycle-sharing systems, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 95, 41-52
[9] Chao-Hsuan Ko (2015), Location Routing Model of Public Bike-Sharing System. Unpublished dissertation, Tamkang University, Taiwan.
[10] Chi-Lin Lee (2007), Truck and Trailer Routing Problem with Time Windows, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
[11] Yu-Ting Wang (2009). Using Multi-Objective Programming to Explore the Vehicle Dispatching Problem of Ready Mixed Concrete Trucks. Unpublished dissertation
[12] Hsin-Hua Kuo (2006), A Study of Fleet Management Problems Under Real-Time Information, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.