臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著時代的進步，科技的日新月異，所消耗的能源與日俱增，而其中家計部門的能源消費型態較多元，更是與民眾日常生活需求息息相關，使得台灣家計部門的能源消費呈現逐年增加的趨勢，故家計部門未來在提高能源使用效率及減少碳排放時將扮演重要角色。因此本文利用近似理想需求體系（Almost Ideal Demand System, AIDS）模型建立台灣家計部門的能源需求體系，推估各項能源需求價格彈性與支出彈性值，並進一步分析家庭社會經濟條件對能源支出之影響。
實證結果顯示：戶長年齡、戶內人口數、住宅面積、戶長性別、戶長教育程度、家庭組成、住宅所有權及居住區域等變數對家庭各項能源支出呈現不同程度的影響。在彈性估計方面，汽油和氣體燃料的自身價格彈性皆呈現無彈性，但電力的未受補償自身價格彈性為富有彈性，因此，當各能源別的價格上升時，電力需求量減少的幅度將比汽油和氣體燃料較多。支出彈性的部分，當能源支出隨所得上升而增加時，電力消費提升的幅度相較於其他能源別為多，主要是因為家電用品所得需求彈性較大，因此政府應鼓勵高效率大家電小規格化的研發，提升家計部門電力使用效率。最後，為了使各類能源價格之訂定合理化，政府必須評估與能源相關之外部成本，建立適當的相關措施，將外部成本內部化，合理反應能源成本。此外，因應未來用電成長需求，應推廣再生能源發電，並朝零污染的發電技術，及加強能源需求管理計畫，同時達成節能減碳之目標。

As time progresses and technology improves every day, more and more energy has been consumed. However, the energy consumption behavior of the household sector is not only very diverse but also very closely related to people's daily life. As a result, total energy consumption in Taiwan’s household sector has increased steadily along with economic growth. Due to the increasing environmental awareness to protect the global commons, household sector will play an important role in improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions in the future. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the energy consumption behavior of Taiwan’s household sector by applying the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS).
The empirical results show that the number of household members, housing floor space, family composition, dwelling ownership, geographical location, age, gender, and the level of education of the household head are important factors with significant impacts on household energy demand. Based on the results for the estimated price and expenditure elasticities, the own-price elasticities of gasoline and gas fuel are inelastic while the uncompensated elasticity of electricity demand is relatively elastic. The results imply that there will be significant reductions in the consumption of electricity when the price of gasoline, electricity, and gas fuel increase. Futhermore, the estimates of expenditure elasticities of energy demand indicate that household demand for electricity is relatively more income elastic than for other types of energy. This is because income elasticity of demand for home electric appliances is relatively more elastic than transportation vehicles and gas fueled home appliances. Therefore, the government can improve the efficiency of electricity use in the household sector by encouraging the development of high-efficiency and small standardized products to substitute for large home electric appliances, such as washing machine, refrigerator, and air conditioning.
According to our findings, the government should evaluate the externalities of energy consumption and then design appropriate measures to include external costs in the prices of various types of energy. Furthermore, to meet the growing demand for electricity and achieving the goals of energy conservation and carbon emission mitigation, the government should also increase electricity generation from renewable energy sources, promote near-zero emission power generation technology, and strengthen energy demand-side management.

摘要i
目錄iv
圖目錄vi
表目錄viii
第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 研究範圍與資料來源6
第三節 研究方法與步驟9
第二章 家計部門能源消費與綠色稅制概況11
第一節 最終能源消費概況12
第二節 綠色稅制31
第三章 文獻回顧43
第一節 家計部門能源消費因素相關研究43
第二節 綠色稅制對家計部門的影響52
第四章 研究方法56
第一節 消費者需求理論56
第二節 效用函數可分割性與兩階段預算法62
第三節 近似理想需求體系64
第五章 實證分析68
第一節 資料來源與說明68
第二節 實證模型78
第三節 實證結果分析80
第六章 結論與建議87
第一節 結論87
第二節 建議88
參考文獻90
附錄95

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網站資源:
21世紀再生能源政策聯盟 : http://www.ren21.net/
工業技術研究院 : http://www.bemap.org.tw/about.php
中華人民共和國國家統計局 : http://www.stats.gov.cn/
台灣交通部統計處 : http://www.motc.gov.tw/mocwebGIP/
台灣油價資訊管理與分析系統 : http://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/oil102/
台灣電力公司 : http://www.taipower.com.tw/index.aspx
交通部公路總局 : http://www.thb.gov.tw/
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