臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線網路技術的演進與行動裝置的進步使得用戶的生活品質得到提升，所以近年來4G網路的需求越來越重要。4G標準的訂定是依據國際電信聯盟(ITU) 定義的IMT-Advanced之規範需求，不論是在高速還是低速移動的情境下均達到一定的服務品質，尤其，於此系統之無線資源分配更成為一個熱門問題。

於本論文中，我們探討進階長期演進技術(LTE-A)在異質基地台的情境下，如何進行下行鏈路(Downlink)的無線資源分配。

具體而言，我們以考慮最佳化信道品質(Best CQI)與最佳化用戶公平性(Round Robin)平衡的折衷方案：比例公平(Proportional Fairness)作為調度器設計的原則，並考慮到鄰近基地台干擾的情況，來設計一貪婪演算法最大化每個可分配資源區塊的效益(Utility)，可以在有限資源下呈現最佳的系統吞吐量，又可維持用戶的公平性。

最後，我們模擬實體層中的物理下行鏈路共享信道(PDSCH)以及下行鏈路共享信道(DLSCH)來進行相關實驗，由實驗結果可知，我們所提出的方法相較於先前的單一基地台之無線資源分配方法，更可以解決邊際使用者(Edge Users)頻寬不足的問題，來大幅提升的整體系統的吞吐量。

The evolution of wireless network technology and the improvement of mobile devices improve the quality of human life. Hence, in recent years, the demand for 4G networks become more and more important. The 4G standards are set up according to the requirements of the IMT-Advanced specification defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which remains a certain quality of service for both high-speed and low-speed situations. Particularly, the radio resource allocation of such a system has become a popular issue.
In this paper, we discuss how to perform the downlink resource allocation in LTE-A networks with heterogeneous base stations. Specifically, we exploit the Proportional Fairness, which is a compromise balancing the Best CQI and the Round Robin, as the concept of designing our scheduler and consider the interference of adjacent cells to design a greedy algorithm to maximize the utility of every assignable resource block. Such a greedy algorithm can not only reveal the optimal system throughput under limited resources but also can maintain the fairness among users.
Finally, we simulate the PDSCH and the DLSCH in the physical layer to carry out some relevant experiments. According to the experimental results, the method proposed by us can further solve the problem of insufficient bandwidth of edge users to significantly improve the overall system throughput, in comparison to a previous radio resource allocation method for a single base station.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 背景介紹 3
2.1 LTE與LTE-A系統介紹 3
2.1.1 LTE系統架構 3
2.1.2 E-UTRAN 4
2.1.3 EPC 5
2.2 LTE傳輸架構 6
2.2.1 LTE 幀(Frame)架構 6
2.2.2 Resource Block 7
2.3 通道品質訊息(Channel Quality Indicator) 7
2.4 LTE Band 8
2.5 LTE-A Carrier Aggregation 8
2.6 路徑耗損模型 11
2.7 穿透損耗(Penetration Loss) 11
2.8 多重路徑衰弱(MultiPath Fading) 12
2.9 Scheduler 13
2.10貪婪演算法(Greedy Algorithm) 14
第三章 異質網路(Heterogeneous network) 15
3.1異質網路的大型基地台(Macrocell) 15
3.2異質網路的小型基地台(Smallcell) 16
第四章 LTE-A網路下行鏈路傳輸模型 17
4.1基本系統架設 18
4.2通道品質訊息 18
4.3 系統吞吐量最佳化 19
4.4 排程限制 19
第五章 貪婪演算法 21
第六章 模擬方法 26
6.1 模擬環境 26
6.2 模擬步驟 27
6.3 10至50 UE隨機、中心、邊緣等分布方案與其模擬結果 30
6.3.1 50UE隨機分布 30
6.3.2 50UE中心分布 31
6.3.3 50UE邊緣分布 32
6.3.4 30UE隨機分布 33
6.3.5 30UE中心分布 34
6.3.6 30UE邊緣分布 35
6.3.7 10UE隨機分布 36
6.3.8 10UE中心分布 37
6.3.9 10UE邊緣分布 38
6.3.10 模擬結果比較 39
6.3.11 結論 40
6.4 10UE至50UE的LTE-A用戶與LTE用戶不同比例隨機分布成果
比較 41
6.4.1 50UE的LTE-A用戶與LTE用戶不同比例隨機分布 41
6.4.2 10UE的LTE-A用戶與LTE用戶不同比例隨機分布 42
6.4.3 模擬結果比較 43
6.4.4 結論 43
6.5 公平性比較 43
6.6.1模擬結果比較 44
6.6.2 結論 45
第七章 結論與未來展望 46
參考文獻 47

[1]nomor,http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/progress-on-lte-advanced---the-future-4g-standard, July 2008.
[2]Liu Liu and Mingju Li and Juejia Zhou and Xiaoming She , “Component Carrier Management for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced System ,” IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp1-5, 2011-May]
[3]N. Guan, Y. Zhou, L. Tian, G. Sun, J. Shi, "QoS Guaranteed Resource Block Allocation Algorithm for LTE Systems", Proc. IEEE Seventh Int'l Conf. Wireless and Mobile Computing Networking and Comm. (WiMob), pp. 307-312, 2011-Oct.
[4]M.E. Aydin, R. Kwan, J. Wu, J. Zhang, "Multiuser Scheduling on the LTE Downlink with Simulated Annealing", Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. (VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, 2011-May.
[5]M.E. Aydin, R. Kwan, J. Wu, "Multiuser Scheduling on the LTE Downlink with Meta-Heuristic Approaches", Physical Comm., vol. 9, pp. 257-265, 2012.
[6]Yuanye Wang , Pedersen, K.I. , Sorensen, T.B. , Mogensen, P.E , “An Efficient Downlink Radio Resource Allocation with Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced Networks,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL. 13, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2014, pp2229-2239, 2014-May.
[7]3GPP Releases, http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/67-releases, 2017.
[8]L. Korowajczuk, “LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis”, Chennai, India: Wiley. 2011- Aug.
[9]3GPP, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); LTE physical layer; General description, https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=2424.
[10]ETSI,http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136300_136399/136300/09.04.00_60/ts_136300v090400p.pdf, 2010-07.
[11]新通訊, http://www.2cm.com.tw/technologyshow_content.asp?sn=0802210015, 2008.
[12]LTE Frame and Subframe Structure,http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php
[13]LTE Quick Reference , http://www.sharetechnote.com/html/Handbook_LTE_CQI.html
[14]國家通訊傳播委員會, http://www.ncc.gov.tw/Chinese/print.aspx?table_name=news&site_content_sn=566&sn_f=28858, 2013.
[15]分治算法, http://kczx.qut.edu.cn/upload/ntCXmtmYmdyTndC1os00mZG3lwe1m2yTnZCZmtCXogyYmwjH.pdf . 2016.
[16]B.A.G. Hillen, A. Delphinanto and I. Passchier , “Remote Discovery and Management of End-User Devices in Heterogeneous Private Networks”. Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. CCNC 2009. 6th IEEE. pp1-6, 2009-Jan.
[17]Jichiang Tsai and Jain-Shing Liu . “Joint Radio Resource Allocation forLTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks”. 2016-July
[18] H.J. Kushner and P.A. Whiting, “Asymptotic Properties of Proportional-Fair Sharing Algorithms,” Proc. IEEE 10th Ann.Allerton Conf. Comm., Control, and Computing, pp. 1051–1059, 2002.
[19]Pei-Ling Tsai, Kate Ching-Ju Lin, and Wen-Tsuen Chen, "Downlink Radio Resource Allocation with Carrier Aggregation in MIMO LTE-Advanced Systems",pp.2333, 2014-June.
[20]3GPP,https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=2427