臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文藉由加載不同相位光罩至空間光調製器(Spatial Light Modulator, SLM) 來產生傳統晶體與光學渦流晶體(optical vortices lattice)結構。並且利用PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)來記錄晶體資訊，最後以實驗與傅立葉數值模擬的方式來重建HPDLC(Holographic PDLC)之繞射光強分布，並研究其物理及光學特性。本實驗主要分為三部分：
第一部分實驗為找尋最佳曝光參數，由於光學渦流中央具有光強度極弱之缺陷點，也就是說在PDLC曝光過程中，周圍晶體區與中央缺陷區的NOA81單體聚合速率不一致。本研究藉由量測記錄光學渦流晶體HPDLC之繞射效率與偏光顯微鏡下之影像來找出最佳曝光參數。
第二部分實驗藉由加載仿真多面稜鏡相位光罩至SLM，將空間光進行相位調製來得到傳統之對稱晶體，其晶體結構與晶體週期皆與傅立葉數值模擬結果相符。接著利用HPDLC記錄傳統晶體訊息，以實驗與數值模擬重建其繞射光斑，最後由固態物理理論說明正空間晶格(傳統晶體)與倒空間晶格(繞射光斑)具有相同的點群對稱性。
第三部分實驗將仿真多面稜鏡相位光罩之幾何位置進行螺旋相位疊加，以達到多道螺旋光全像干涉產生光學渦流晶體之目的。另外藉由數學理論得知光學渦流晶體會記錄每兩道螺旋光拓樸荷差值之訊息，由於光學渦流晶體因具有波前邊緣錯位特性(叉子條紋)使HPDLC繞射光斑具有不同拓樸荷，且重建繞射光會遵循繞射拓樸荷選擇律。

A simple but effective method for producing multi helical-beam interferences based on Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) with digital program of phase masks is presented. Firstly, we generate the phase mask corresponding to the symmetrical multi-facet pyramid lens in SLM to spatially modulate an incident laser beam to form desired two-dimensional (2D) multi-beam interference patterns. Multiple helical-beam interferences can be realized by superposing a multi-facet pyramid lenses phase with a helical phase. Then, we demonstrate the storage of the helical interference patterns on a PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) to form a HPDLC (Holographic PDLC), and then the diffraction from a HPDLC is examined.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract III
誌謝 VIII
目錄 X
表目錄 XIV
圖目錄 XV
符號 XXI
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 論文結構 3
第二章 液晶簡介 4
2-1 何謂液晶 4
2-2 液晶的分類 5
2-2-1 向列型液晶 (Nematics) 7
2-2-2 膽固醇液晶（Cholesterics） 8
2-2-3 層列型液晶（Smectics） 10
2-2-4 圓盤狀液晶（Discotics） 11
2-2 液晶物理特性 12
2-3-1 彈性連續體理論（The elastic continuum theory） 12
2-2-1 液晶的雙折射性（Birefringence） 14
2-2-2 外加電場對液晶之光電現象 18
2-2-3 溫度對液晶折射率之影響 19
2-3 聚合物混合液晶薄膜(polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC) 21
2-4-1 PDLC的製作 21
2-4-2 PDLC光電特性 22
2-4-3 PDLC元件 24
第三章 相關實驗理論 25
3-1 全像液晶聚合物薄膜(holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal, HPDLC) 25
3-1-1 HPDLC製作與應用 25
3-1-2 HPDLC相分離機制 26
3-2 全像術(holography) 28
3-2-1 全像術簡介 28
3-2-2 利用全像干涉製作晶體 31
3-2-3 全像干涉與倒晶格向量之關係 32
3-3 倒晶格繞射 34
3-3-1 倒晶格向量與繞射斑點之關係 34
3-3-2 數值方法模擬晶格之繞射斑點 36
3-4 光學渦流(optical vortex)簡介 37
3-4-1 波前錯位 37
3-4-2 螺旋錯位型光學渦流簡介 40
第四章 樣品製作與光路架設 41
4-1 液晶空間光調製器 41
4-1-1 液晶空間純相位光調製器之分類 41
4-1-2 液晶空間光調製器工作原理 43
4-1-3 相位光罩 45
4-2 樣品配置 49
4-2-1 材料介紹 49
4-2-2 PDLC樣品製作 52
4-3 實驗流程 54
4-3-1 實驗動機 54
4-3-2 製作HPDLC之實驗架設 55
4-3-3 HPDLC重建繞射光斑 56
第五章 實驗結果與討論 58
5-1 選定最佳曝光參數 58
5-2 多道高斯光束干涉之實驗和模擬結果 61
5-2-1 閃耀光柵型相位光罩 61
5-2-2 多道高斯光束干涉 63
5-2-3 傳統晶體之遠場繞射 65
5-3 光學渦流晶體之實驗和模擬結果 67
5-3-1 螺旋光束之全像干涉理論 67
5-3-2 螺旋光束產生之光學渦流晶體 68
第六章 總結與未來展望 83
6-1 總結 83
6-2 未來展望 84
參考文獻 87

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