隨著都市高度發展及擴張，都市能源耗用使二氧化碳排放量急遽成長，二氧化碳減量工作已成為各國重要課題。過去相關研究中，多數受限於從上而下的過大尺度資料，且多選用單一的空間或時間尺度，對碳收支現象的呈現及說明有限。因此，本研究以台南都會區為對象，結合都市空間資訊及統計數據資料庫，計算台南都會區二氧化碳系統內外情況，包含建築物電力及燃氣使用、道路運輸等二氧化碳排放源，系統內綠地、水體等具有二氧化碳吸收功能。以GIS建立200×200m網格的碳收支現況地圖。結果可得知在二氧化碳排放集中於高都市化區，即人口密度大於5000人/km2區域。在高都市化區以建築物的二氧化碳排放量最大(占總排放量54%)，且因台灣高溫及空調使用特性，夏季二氧化碳排放量高於冬季11%；低都市化區二氧化碳排放則以道路運輸比例最高(87%)，季節差異不顯著。利用其結果進一步以50×50m網格探討不同都市類型的四個案例區域，所得之結果也發現綠地對二氧化碳吸收量的成效有限，因此本研究採用三大減碳對策並評估分析其效益，整體結果以建築屋頂PV發電具有最佳減碳效益，在30%屋頂面積設置太陽能板情況下，四個案例區域的減碳效益介於4.5-31.1 kgCO2/m2‧yr，因夏季空調耗能，整體太陽能替代率冬季大於夏季。而交通運輸減碳效益受到區域內二氧化碳排放組成的影響，交通運輸碳排比例越高，減碳效益也越高。本研究貢獻為以高解析度網格呈現碳收支結果並量化太陽能發電減碳潛力，提出使都市運作排放的二氧化碳減少環境衝擊的調適策略，確保都市及周圍環境的永續性，提供未來都市規劃政策與環境氣候變遷調適適當的建議。

As urban areas continue to develop and expand, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from their energy use are growing exponentially. Previous studies have provided a limited understanding of carbon budgets because they have used top-down data on a single spatial or temporal scale. In this study, urban spatial and statistical data for metropolitan Tainan are used to explore the CO2 system of the city and estimate the amount of CO2 emissions from road traffic, the use of electricity and gas in buildings, and the amount of CO2 absorbed by green spaces. Innovative annual and monthly carbon budget maps composed of 200 × 200-m grids are developed for the city through a geographic information system (GIS). An analysis of the result maps yields the following findings: First, CO2 emissions are concentrated in over-urbanized areas. Buildings account for the majority of CO2 emissions (54%) and produced 11% more CO2 in summer than in winter (owing to air-conditioning usage). Second, road traffic is the main source of CO2 emissions for under-urbanized areas (87%), and emissions from traffic exhibit insignificant seasonal variation. Based on these findings, the carbon budgets of four different over-urbanized areas are formulated and presented on 50 × 50-m grids. The results suggest that green spaces in these areas absorb limited amounts of CO2. Therefore, this study assesses the annual and monthly carbon-reduction potential of rooftops equipped with solar panels occupying 30% of their area. The annual carbon-reduction potential for focused areas was 4.5–31.1 kg CO2 m-2 yr-1, and the solar energy replacement rate is higher in winter. In summary, this study presents carbon budgets in high-resolution grids, and proposes reduction strategies for reducing CO2 emissions from urban activities to improve the sustainability of urban areas and their environs and inform urban planning and climate change adaptation.

第一章、 緒論 1
第一節、 研究背景與動機 1
第二節、 研究目的 3
第三節、 研究流程 3
第二章、 文獻回顧 5
第一節、 都市區域碳收支系統 5
第二節、 都市減碳對策相關文獻 10
第三節、 計算項目中參數之背景與方法 16
第三章、 研究方法 22
第一節、 研究範圍與對象 22
第二節、 評估範圍界定 23
第三節、 研究工具 25
第四節、 資料庫蒐集與計算網格尺寸 28
第五節、 碳收支計算方法 30
第六節、 減碳對策之研擬 34
第四章、 結果與討論 40
第一節、 台南都會區碳收支 40
第二節、 核心區域碳收支系統 45
第三節、 核心區域減碳對策比較 48
第五章、 結論與建議 52
第一節、 結論 52
第二節、 研究限制 52
第三節、 建議 53
參考文獻 54
附錄一、行政區背景描述與碳收支比較表 58
附錄二、台南都會區二氧化碳收支的區域組成 59
附錄三、台南都會區住商建築夏季日夜能源耗用地圖 60
附錄四、不同屋頂面積情境下的太陽能替代率 61
附錄五、臺南市市區道路交通量調查及分析(2015) 65
附錄六、交通運輸之計算邊界定義及二氧化碳排放量計算方法整理 71
附錄七、綠地植栽二氧化碳吸收量之計算方法整理 73

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