臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

受到全球化的影響，國際貿易和投資日益增加，擴大跨國交流的範疇，對當地乃至全球的經濟發展造成強烈的影響。會展能夠拓展國際市場進而帶動國家經濟發展，針對會展可發現，研究面向已從區位選址擴大層面至群聚的觀點探討，認為群聚作為特定地區的產業聚集，可以作為解釋跨地區的互動與知識創新。
在產業群聚、知識與創新的基礎下，國外研究更將國際貿易展概念化暫時群聚(Temporay Clusters)。研究發現，會展形成的暫時群聚效果能夠透過跨地區管道，促進產業創新及提升產業發展。暫時群聚不僅能夠解決產業群聚的封閉性，同時，提高各地方產業的能見度促進地方發展，顯現出暫時群聚對於地方產業的影響及重要性。
本研究以2017臺灣國際蘭展為研究對象，進行實際的參與觀察。臺灣國際蘭展促進臺灣蘭花產業發展，增進國際交流，有國際三大蘭展之一之美譽。我國蘭花產業上、中、下游之精密分工，以出口導向為主的產業，行銷至日本、美國、歐洲等國家，國際貿易為蘭花產業重要市場的開拓。近年，由於全球化的影響、自動化生產、快速發展的生產技術，產業面臨國際競爭的壓力。
因應上述的議題，本研究以暫時群聚的觀點，透過理論的發展模型分析暫時群聚效應。實證部分，共分為兩部分操作，首先了解蝴蝶蘭產業概況，另外依據行業標準分類作為參展商行業判別基礎，進行產業分析及空間分佈分析；第二部分以深度訪談，了解群聚效果，透過以上的操作，探討案例的暫時群聚效應對於地方產業發展的影響。

The impacts of global industrialization and commercialization lead to increasing international trade and investment. As the same time, expanding the scope of the transnational communication also has the strong effect on local and global economic development.
The convention and exhibition will be able to expand the international market and then promote the national economic development. It can be found that the research has been discussed from the perspective of location selection to the clusters. It is believed that the cluster as an industry gathering in specific areas can be used as an explanation of interregional interaction and knowledge innovation.
European researches regard the concept of international trade show as the theory of temporay clusters. The study also found that temporary clusters from the convention and exhibition can promote industrial innovation and enhance industrial development through the global pipelines.
Using participant observation as a data collection method, this research is actually involved in 2017 Taiwan International Orchid. In recent years, due to the impact of globalization, automated production, rapid development of technology, Orchid industry faced the pressure of international competition.
In conclusion, the research emphasizes that temporay clusters not only solves the closure property of industrial clusters but also enhances the visibility of local industries. Moreover, temporay clusters shows that the impact and importance of local industrial development.

第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究動機與背景 1
第二節　研究目的 3
第三節　研究流程 4
第四節　研究限制 5
第二章　文獻回顧 6
第一節　會展範疇 6
第二節　產業群聚與創新群聚相關理論 10
第三節　暫時群聚理論 17
第四節　臺灣蘭花產業 29
第五節　小結 41
第三章　研究設計 42
第一節　研究範疇 42
第二節　研究內容 43
第三節　研究方法 46
第四節　研究效度 52
第四章　地方產業分析-以2017臺灣國際蘭展為例 53
第一節　參展商之產業分析 53
第二節　參展商之空間分佈 60
第三節　小結 64
第五章　實證分析 65
第一節　實證內容 65
第二節　產業間與產業鏈的互動關係 66
第三節　群聚效果對周邊空間及產業的影響 70
第四節　暫時群聚模型之發展 75
第五節　探討相關影響因素 86
第六節　小結 93
第六章　結論與建議 94
第一節　結論 94
第二節　後續研究建議 98
參考文獻 i
附錄 附- 1 -

外文文獻
Anderson, G. Industry Clustering for Economic Development. Economic Development Review, 12(2), 26-33. (1994).
Andreae, M., Hsu, J.-y., ＆ Norcliffe, G. Performing the trade show: The case of the Taipei International Cycle Show. Geoforum, 49(2), 193-201. (2013).
Bathelt, H. Geographies of production: growth regimes in spatial perspective (II) - knowledge creation and growth in clusters. Human Geography, 29(2), 204-216. (2005).
Bathelt, H. Buzz-and-Pipeline Dynamics: Towards a Knowledge-Based Multiplier Model of Clusters. Geography Compass, 1(6), 1282–1298. (2007).
Bathelt, H., ＆ Gibson, R. Learning in ‘Organized Anarchies’: The Nature of Technological Search Processes at Trade Fairs. Regional Studies, 49(6), 985-1002. (2015).
Bathelt, H., Malmberg A., ＆ Maskell, P. Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Human Geography, 28(1), 31–56. (2004).
Bathelt, H., ＆ Schuldt, N. Between Luminaires and Meat Grinders: International Trade Fairs as Temporary Clusters. Regional Studies, 42(6), 853-868. (2008).
Becattini, G. From Marshall’s to the Italian “Industrial Districts: A Brief Critical Reconstruction. New York: Springer. (2002).
Belso-Martínez, J. A., Más-Verdú, F., ＆ Roig-Tierno, N. Knowledge, Promotional Events, and the Contribution of Clustering to Innovation. Journal of Promotion Management, 21(4), 504-515. (2015).
Boschma, R. Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61-74. (2005).
Chen, W.H. The Development of Phalaenopsis Orchid Industry in Taiwan(National Cheng Kung University). Abstract retrieve from Privacy. (2017).
Crouch, C. and Farrell, H. Great Britain: falling through the holes in the network concept, in: C. Crouch, P. Le Gales, C. Trigilia and H. Voelzkow (Eds) Local Production Systems in Europe: Rise or Demise?, ch. 6. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2001).
Daengbuppha, J., Hemmington, N., Wilkes,K. Using Grounded Theory to Model Visitor Experiences at Heritage Sites: Methodological and Practical Issues. Qualitative Market Research, 9(4), 367-388. (2006).
Damgaard, T., Ingstrup, M. B., ＆ Mikkelsen, M. D. A literature review on resource transfer between clusters. Kolding: Syddansk Universitet. Institut for Entreprenørskab og Relationsledelse. (2012).
Dicken, P. Global Shift: Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy (5th edn.). London: Sage. (2007).
Enright, M. J. Innovation Clusters and Interregional Competition. Germany: Springer. (2003).
Feldman, M. P., ＆ Florida, R. The Geographic Sources of Innovation: Technological Infrastructure and Product Innovation in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 84(2), 210-229. (1994).
Feser, E. J., ＆ Bergman, E. M. National Industry Cluster Templates: A Framework for Applied Regional Cluster Analysis, Regional Studies, 34(1), 52-71. (2000).
Jin, X., Weber, k., ＆ Bauer, T. Impact of clusters on exhibition destination attractiveness: Evidence from Mainland China. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1429-1439. (2016).
Kalafsky, R. V., ＆ Gress, D. R. Trade Fairs as an Export Marketing and Research Strategy: Results from a Study of Korean Advanced Machinery Firms. Geographical Research, 51(3), 304–317. (2013).
Krugman, P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499. (1991).
Li, P. F. Global temporary networks of clusters: structures and dynamics of trade fairs in Asian economies. Journal of Economic Geography, 14(5), 995-1021. (2014).
Lundvall, B.Å., The Learning Economy and the Economics of Hope.London: Anthem Press. (2016).
Malmberg, A. ＆ Maskell, P. The elusive concept of localization economies: Towards a knowledge-based theory of spatial clustering. Environment and Planning 34(3), 429-449. (2002).
Marshall, A. Principles of Economics (8th edn.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. (1890).
Maskell, P. Towards a Knowledge‐based Theory of the Geographical Cluster. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 921-943. (2001).
Maskell, P., Bathelt, H., ＆ Malmberg, A. Temporary Clusters and Knowledge Creation: The Effects of International Trade Fairs, Conventions and Other Professional Gatherings. In SPACES: spatial aspects concerning economic structures, Germany. (2004).
Maskell, P., Bathelt, H., ＆ Malmberg, A. Building global knowledge pipelines: The role of temporary clusters, European Planning Studies, European Planning Studies, 14(8), 997-1013. (2006).
Natasha, E., ＆ John, K. Role of international trade shows in small firm internationalization: a network perspective. International Marketing Review, 25(5), 544-562. (2008).
OECD. Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach. Paris. (1999).
Owen-Smith, J., ＆ Powell, W. W. Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community. Organization Science, 15(1), 5-21. (2004).
Porter, M. E. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press. (1990).
Porter, M. E. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: Free Press. (1998).
Porter, M. E. Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-34. (2000).
Power, D., Jansson, J. Cyclical Clusters in Global Circuits: Overlapping Spaces in Furniture Trade Fairs. Economic Geography, 84(4), 423-448.(2008).
Ramírez-Pasillas, M. Resituating Proximity and Knowledge Cross- fertilization in Clusters by Means of International Trade Fairs. European Planning Studies, 16(5), 644-663. (2008).
Ramírez-Pasillas, M. International trade fairs as amplifiers of permanent and temporary proximities in clusters. Entrepreneurship ＆ Regional Development, 22(2), 155-187. (2010).
Rinallo, D., Bathelt, H., ＆ Golfetto, F. Economic geography and industrial marketing views on trade shows: Collective marketing and knowledge circulation. Industrial Marketing Management, 61, 93-103. (2017).
Rinallo, D., ＆ Golfetto, F. Exploring the Knowledge Strategies of Temporary Cluster Organizers: A Longitudinal Study of the EU Fabric Industry Trade Shows (1986–2006). Economic Geography, 87(4), 453-476. (2011).
Roelandt, T. J. A., ＆ P. den Hertog. Cluster analysis and cluster-based policy making in OECD countries: Introduction to the theme. In Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach, OECD, Paris. (1999).
Roelandt, T. J. A., ＆ P. den Hertog. Cluster Analysis and Cluster-based Policy Making: The state of the art. In Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach, OECD, Paris. (1999).
Rondinelli, D. A., Johnson Jr., J. H., ＆ Kasarda, J. D. The Changing Forces of Urban Economic Development: Globalization and City Competitiveness in the 21st Century. Policy Development and Research, 3(3), 71-105. (1998).
Rosenfeld, S. Industrial Strength Strategies, Regional Business Clusters and Public Policy, Washington, D. C.: Aspen Institute. (1995).
Rubalcaba-Bermejo, L., ＆ Cuadrado-Roura, J. R. Urban Hierarchies and Territorial Competition in Europe: Exploring the Role of Fairs and Exhibitions. Urban Studies, 32(2), 379-400. (1995).
Scott, A. J. Flexible production systems and regional development: the rise of new industrial spaces in North America and western Europe. Urban and Regional Research, 12(2), 171-186. (1988).
Scott, A. J. Regions and the World Economy. The coming shape of global production, competition and political order. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1998).
Swann, G., Prevezer, M. ＆ Stout, D., The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Comparisons in Computing and Biotechnology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1998).
Tuijl, E.V. ＆ Dittrich, K. Events as Spaces for Upgrading: Automotive Events in Shanghai. ERIM Report Series Reference No. ERS-2014-013-LIS. (2014).
Torre, A. The role of proximity during long-distance collaborative projects: Temporary geographical proximity helps. Int. J. Foresight and Innovation Policy, 7(1/2/3), 213-230. (2011).
Torre A. ＆ Rallet A. Proximity and localization, Regional Studies, 39(1), 47-60. (2005).
Torre, A. ＆ Wallet, F. Regional Development and Proximity Relations.UK: Edward Elgar. (2014).
UFI. The Role of Exhibitions in the Marketing Mix. Germany: DHBW. (2006).
UFI. UFI’s Auditing Rules. Paris. (2017).
Weber, A. Alfred Weber’s Theory of the Location of Industry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (1929).
Wickham, J., ＆ Vecchi, A. Local Firms and Global Reach: Business Air Travel and the Irish Software Cluster. European Planning Studies, 16(5), 693-710. (2008).
中文文獻
Patton, M. Q.，吳芝儀、李奉儒譯。質性研究與評鑑。嘉義市：濤石文化，2008。
中正大學教育研究所。質的研究方法。高雄市：麗文文化，2000。
孔憲法、閻永祺。產業群聚分析分析與空間規劃─以台灣經驗之探討。新竹市：建都文化，2003。
米田和夫，蔡金川、蔡媦婷譯。蝴蝶蘭。臺中市：國立中興大學農業暨自然資源學院農業推廣中心，2007。
行政院主計總處。行業標準分類（第9次修定），2011。
行政院主計總處。行業標準分類（第10次修定），2016。
行政院農業委員會。台灣蘭花生物科技園區之規劃與建設，2005。
行政院農業委員會。2015臺灣國際蘭展活動紀要，2015。
行政院農業委員會。農業統計年報（104年），2015。
社團法人台灣蘭花產銷協會。蝴蝶蘭生產方式（私人提供資料），2017。
周志龍。後工業臺北多核心的空間結構化及其治理政治學，地理學報（第三十四期，第1-18頁），2003。
周志龍。世界都市競爭策略與產業。臺北市：詹氏書局，2006。
吳濟華、李亭林、陳協勝、何柏正。產業群聚與區域創新：聚集經濟理論與實證。新北市：前程文化，2012。
胡太山、林建元、錢學陶。產業創新群聚浮現與科技社群互動對創新活動影響之探討–以新竹科學園區及周邊為例，建築與規劃學報（第六卷第一期，第43-61頁），2005。
胡太山、解鴻年、賈秉靜、羅欣玫。產業區的知識型態與空間演化:以新竹為例，建築與規劃學報（第十四卷第二/三期，第147-166頁），2013。
胡幼慧。質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。高雄市：巨流圖書，1996。
侯鳳舞。優質外銷蝴蝶蘭：生產體系之建構（上），農業試驗所技術服務（第60期第12卷，第12-15頁），2004。
夏鑄九、劉昭吟。越界蘭花：在全球化中重新界定區域與規劃，台灣社會研究季刊（第四十九期，第97-134頁），2003。
經濟部工業局。2016 生技產業白皮書，2016。
經濟部統計處。工業產品分類（第15次修訂），2011。
經濟部統計處。工業產品分類（第16次修訂），2016。
經濟部國際貿易局。會展產業整體推動計畫「我國會展產業發展政策」研究案-從政策檢討會展設施需求，2015。
趙欣燕。台灣蝴蝶蘭產業生產型態之研究─以台南地區為例。臺灣師範大學地理學系研究所學位論文，2009。
蔡漢生。台灣蝴蝶蘭產業創新與空間的組織。高雄師範大學地理學系博士論文，2016。
臺南市政府農業局。臺灣蘭花生物科技園區展館及公園委託經營案可行性評估報告書，2016。
廖美貞。會展產業發展與世界都市建構。台北大學都市計畫所學位論文，2009。
閻永祺。產業群聚與區域產業發展關係之研究─以南部區域為例。成功大學都市計畫所學位論文，2004。
網路資料
行政院農業委員會。農產品別(COA)資料查詢，2017。取自http://agrstat.coa.gov.tw/sdweb/public/trade/TradeCoa.aspx，取用日期2017.03
社團法人台灣蘭花產銷協會。台灣蘭花產銷發展概況，2011。取自http://www.toga.org.tw/article.php?id=448，取用日期2017.05
財政部關稅署。進出口統計資料庫查詢，2017。取自https://portal.sw.nat.gov.tw/APGA/GA01_execute，取用日期2017.05
崔曉文。國際會展業專業組織概覽，城市競爭情報，2007。取自http://www.libnet.sh.cn:82/gate/big5/www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.aspx?id=4511，取用日期2017.03
臺灣蘭花生物科技園區網站。臺灣蘭花生物科技園區配置圖，2017。取自http://top.tainan.gov.tw/進駐現況/，取用日期2017.05
中華民國對外貿易發展協會。臺灣蘭花採購洽談會成果，2017。取自http://www.taitra.com.tw/about_08_ch_detail.aspx?＆aid=2251#，取用日期2017.05