臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　農電共享，農地多重利用，汙染不留子孫。
　　農地建置太陽能板，棚下日照不足，不利作物生長，影響農地農用。且因為新農業政策－農地農用，要求農業大棚至少須達70%之農業利用率，尋求能源政策與農業政策兩全之技術解決方案。此研究欲設計光學系統使農電共生得以實現，將照射在植物區域多餘的日照能量轉至太陽能板上以利發電，使農民更多元地利用土地，多一份經濟保障且適度提高農民收益。
　　本研究設計光學系統架構且探討其在全年中各時間點之光學效率，並針對直射光進行效率評估、最佳化。利用菲涅爾透鏡的聚光特性改變直射光之行徑，並利用反射鏡輔佐光線反射至太陽能板以達到發電之用途；若遇室內光照不足，則更動反射鏡之角度可使得原先入射至太陽能板上之光線進入植物區域，供給植物進行光合作用。

With agricultural lands utilized diversely, there would be no pollution left for our offspring.
Agricultural lands, with solar panels built over them, will lack for the sunshine which affects the growth of crops below those panels, thereby influencing the operation of farms. Moreover, due to the government’s latest regulation, agricultural lands were demanded to reach at least seventy percent of the utilization rate of agricultural land. This urged us to discover a brand new solution for both the energy policies and agricultural policies. This research was related to designing an optical system to realize a situation where we are capable of transferring the energy, which is redundant to the crops since they have had enough illumination, to solar panels generating electricity, therefore enabling farmers to exploit their lands in a more economical way.
A designed optical system was discussed about its optical performance at a different time in a year, and optimized in a condition where direct rays were taken into consideration. Making use of Fresnel lenses, we could alter the directions of direct rays. Furthermore, generating electricity of solar panels was achieved by putting several mirrors into use. With mirrors controlled properly, we could decide whether crops would be shined or not and make the whole system perform in the way we want.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………ii
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………vii
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………viii
第一章　緒論…………………………………………………………………1
1.1研究背景……………………………………………………………………1
1.2文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………1
1.2.1植物工廠………………………………………………………………2
1.2.2太陽光利用型………………………………………………………3
1.2.3完全人工光源型…………………………………………………4
1.2.4太陽光與人工光源併用型………………………………5
1.2.5台灣植物工廠的發展…………………………………………6
1.2.6德國日光調控溫室………………………………………………8
1.3研究動機………………………………………………………………………9
1.4論文目標與架構…………………………………………………………10
第二章　研究相關原理介紹…………………………………………11
　2.1陽光的性質………………………………………………………………11
　　　2.1.1大氣質量……………………………………………………11
　　　2.1.2太陽光譜……………………………………………………12
　2.2光學原理……………………………………………………………………13
　　　2.2.1折射與反射…………………………………………………13
　　　2.2.2全反射……………………………………………………………14
　　　2.2.3折射率……………………………………………………………15
　　　2.2.4菲涅爾方程式………………………………………………15
　　　2.2.5非成像光學……………………………………………………16
　　　　2.2.5.1幾何聚光比率………………………………………16
　　　　2.2.5.2光學效率…………………………………………………16
　　　　2.2.5.3光學聚光比率………………………………………17
　　　2.2.6輻射度學……………………………………………………………17
　2.3太陽能電池………………………………………………………………………17
　　　2.3.1太陽能電池原理………………………………………………18
　　　2.3.2太陽能電池分類………………………………………………18
第三章　研究方法與理論………………………………………………………19
　3.1菲涅爾透鏡的介紹…………………………………………………………19
　3.2菲涅爾透鏡設計………………………………………………………………19
　3.3非追日集光模組的概念………………………………………………20
　　　3.3.1太陽直射光…………………………………………………………21
　　　3.3.2控制元件………………………………………………………………22
　　　3.3.3銅銦鎵硒太陽能電池………………………………………23
第四章　非追日菲涅爾天窗設計方法…………………………………24
　4.1線型菲涅爾透鏡之性質…………………………………………………24
　　　4.1.1材料特性………………………………………………………………24
　　　4.1.2透鏡結構………………………………………………………………25
　　　4.1.3穿透效率………………………………………………………………25
　4.2菲涅爾天窗應用於植物工廠之設計…………………………26
　　　4.2.1光學系統設計流程……………………………………………27
　　　4.2.2光學系統架構圖…………………………………………………28
　　　4.2.3反射鏡模組……………………………………………………………29
　　　4.2.4太陽能板模組………………………………………………………30
第五章　非追日菲涅爾天窗模擬結果與討論……………………32
　5.1菲涅爾透鏡之製程與誤差………………………………………………32
　　　5.1.1透鏡設計之限制……………………………………………………32
　　　5.1.2相鄰稜鏡之合併……………………………………………………33
　5.2菲涅爾天窗之模擬結果與誤差容忍度………………………33
　　　5.2.1夏至之光學效率……………………………………………………34
　　　5.2.2春分之光學效率……………………………………………………37
　　　5.2.3冬至之光學效率……………………………………………………40
　　　5.2.4全年之光學效率……………………………………………………43
　　　5.2.5施工誤差容忍度……………………………………………………44
　　　5.2.6建置場域光學效率模擬………………………………………45
　　　5.2.7 SoG製程光學效率模擬………………………………………49
　5.3 天窗系統與直鋪太陽能板之比較………………………………51
第六章　結論與未來展望……………………………………………………………54
　6.1結論……………………………………………………………………………………………54
　6.2未來展望…………………………………………………………………………………54
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………………55

[1] “聯合國預估2050年全球人口將達96億人，預期壽命繼續延長,” 科技產業資訊室.Available from: http://cdnet.stpi.narl.org.tw/techroom/policy/2013/policy_13_029.htm
[2] “植物工厂分类,” 先端农业科技.Available from:http://chi.aaclife.com/blog/70857d9ec6d
[3] “何謂「植物工廠」,” 金寶生物科技. Available from:http://www.calcomp-bio.com/factory/about.aspx
[4] “【專題報導二】日本植物工廠參訪與發展現況介紹(農企業篇),” 農委會.Available from: http://www.coa.gov.tw/office_epaper/epaper/infoexplorer/online/23/004/Untitled-1.html
[5] ““优雅蔬菜”诞生记：访全球最大植物工厂,” 新华网. Available from:http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-04/27/c_129577852.htm
[6] “植物工厂类型及核心要素,” 菁菲光电. Available from:
http://www.smartiepole.com/index.php?action=list_news&cid=202&pid=337
[7] “台灣農業的未來「植物工廠」,” 科技人文雜誌. Available from: http://www.taichung-life.com.tw/index.php?REQUEST_ID=cGFnZT1jb2x1bW5fcmVwb3J0&CID=6670&sub_class=%AB%CA%AD%B1%ACG%A8%C6&pn=5
[8] “科技農業的進行式－植物工廠發展沿革與台灣推動現況,” 科學月刊.Available from: http://scimonth.blogspot.tw/2013/05/blog-post_3303.html
[9] “Taiwna expanding into indoor LED-lit, pesticide-free farms,” PHYS ORG.Available from: https://phys.org/news/2015-04-taiwan-indoor-led-lit-pesticide-free-farms.html
[10] “光電溫室,” 向陽優能電力股份有限公司. Available from:http://www.sunnyrichpower.com.tw/tw/服務內容/光電溫室/
[11] “幾米太療癒成新竹夯景點 連竹科人也瘋狂,” 聯合新聞網. Available from:https://udn.com/news/story/7324/2425332
[12] “Aquaponic Solar Greenhouse,” Energy Bioshpere Food Corporation. Available from:http://agritecture.com/post/97572761377/innovative-aquaponic-solar-greenhouse-read-the
[13] “光電農棚應落實農業使用 農電共創多贏,” 行政院農業委員會. Available from:http://www.coa.gov.tw/theme_data.php?theme=news&sub_theme=agri&id=6764
[14] “經濟部推動2025年達成非核家園目標未改變,” 經濟部能源局. Available from:http://web3.moeaboe.gov.tw/ECW/populace/news/News.aspx?kind=1&menu_id=41&news_id=4420
[15] “Introduction to Solar Radiation,” Newport Corporation. Available from:
https://www.newport.com/t/introduction-to-solar-radiation
[16] C. Hu and White, R. M., Solar Cells: From Basic to Advanced Systems.New York: McGraw- Hill, 1983.
[17] R. Sekuler and Blake, R., Perception. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc, 1985.
[18] E. Hecht, Optics, 4th ed., Addison-Wesley, 2002.
[19] R. Leutz, A. Suzuki, Nonimaging Fresnel Lenses: Design and Performance of Solar Concentrators, Springer, 2001.
[20] S. O. Kasap, Optoelectronics and Photonics Principles and Practices, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, 2001.
[21] James M. Palmer, Barbara G. Grant, The Art of Radiometry, USA, 2010.
[22] A. E. Becquerel, “Recerches sur les effects de la radiation chimique de la lumiere solaire
au moyen des courants electriques,” Comptes Rendus de L’Academie des Sciences, vol. 9, 1839.
[23] E.V. Tver’yanovich. Profiles of solar-engineering Fresnel lenses. Geliotekhnika, 19(6):31-34, 1984. Translated into English in Applied Solar Energy 19(6):36-39, 1984.
[24] Jeana Gross, Pigments in vegetables: chlorophylls and carotenoids. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.
[25] “Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Solar Cells,” NREL. Available from:https://www.nrel.gov/pv/copper-indium-gallium-diselenide-solar-cells.html
[26] “Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, Acrylic),” MakeltFrom. Available from:http://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/Polymethylmethacrylate-PMMA-Acrylic
[27] A. Davis, F. Kühnlenz, Optical Design using Fresnel Lenses, USA, 2007.
[28] “MIRO-SILVER®,” alanod. Available from: http://alanod.com/en/products/miro-miro-silver/miro-silver
[29] “CdF-1000A1系列,” Eterbright Solar Corporation.Available from: http://www.hulket.com/index91ba.html?page_id=1084&lang=zh-hant
[30] “WHAT WILL THE FUTURE BRING? LOTS OF SOLAR ENERGY! ” Win Win Precision Technology Corporation. Available from:http://www.winaico.com/fileadmin/redaktion/downloads/Broschueren_2017/WINAICO_Brosch%C3%BCre_Qualit%C3%A4t_0417_EN_mailing.pdf
[31] Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schmid, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 6th ed.New York: Pearson, 2009
[32] “CIGS,” 新能光電科技. Available from:http://www.sunshine-pv.com/big5/Technology_01.php