臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文利用民國100年臺灣製造業普查以及95年與100年廠商追蹤資料來探討網路科技對廠商生產活動分割的影響。實證結果，發現採用網路採購、網路銷售、網路管理內部以及網頁經營對境外生產、國外外包、三角貿易皆有明顯正向關係，其中尤以網路採購的影響最強。值得一提的是，此效果不侷限有外資股權或對外投資的廠商，網路科技的使用並且對規模較大的廠商從事生產活動分割較有助益。最後，為了降低網路科技使用的內生性問題，本研究採用傾向分數配對法（propensity score matching, PSM）進行估計，發現網路採購的初次採用對於開始從事三角貿易的機率提升了15%，而持續採用網路採購的廠商效果為正向但不顯著，意味著剛開始採用網路採購的效果對三角貿易活動的影響最為強烈，但隨後其持續性會降低。其他廠商特性方面，廠齡越輕、生產力越高、有出口行為及研發投入的廠商，越傾向從事國外外包、境外生產以及三角貿易的活動。

This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between Internet technology and fragmentation. Using the Taiwanese manufacturing Census in 2011 and a balanced panel dataset covering 2006 and 2011 Census, the results show that firms use e-buying, e-selling, e-interior and website have a significant positive effects on engaging in offshoring, foreign outsourcing and triangular trade. Among all these information and communication technologies (ICTs), e-buying is shown to be the most important technology. Notably, this effect doesn't confine to foreign-owned firms and firms undertaking foreign direct investment. Large firms also benefit more from using ICT. In order to reduce the endogeneity problem of Internet technology, we use propensity score matching for the analysis. We find that firms using e-buying for the first time are 15% more likely to undertake triangular trade. However,the effect diminishes and turns to be insignificant for firms continuing to use e-buying. This imply that first-time e-buying user has a strongest effect on triangular trade and then its effects decrease significantly. For other firm characteristics, R&D, productivity and export performance all have positive effects on foreign outsourcing, offshoring and triangular trade.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝詞 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-3 研究目的 5
1-4 研究架構 6
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2-1 ICT透過內部成本對生產活動分割的影響 7
2-2 ICT透過績效對生產活動分割的影響 9
2-3 小結 10
第三章 資料來源與實證模型 11
3-1 資料來源 11
3-2 變數定義 13
3-3 主要變數與基本統計分析 16
3-3-1 廠商生產活動分割行為 16
3-3-2 廠商使用網路科技概況之分析 19
3-3-3 網路科技與生產活動分割行為之分析 21
3-3-4 敘述統計分析 22
3-4 實證模型 25
3-4-1 Probit 模型 25
3-4-2 多元邏輯斯迴歸模型(Multinomial Logit Model) 28
3-4-3 以廠商追蹤資料分析ICT轉變與三角貿易之變化 29
3-4-4 傾向分數配對法(Propensity Score Matching, PSM) 30
第四章 實證結果 32
4-1 基本模型 32
4-1-1 ICT對國外外包(Foreign Outsourcing)以及境外生產(Offshoring)影響之估計結果──Probit Model 32
4-1-2 ICT對廠商生產模式及各類外包行為影響之估計結果──Multinomial Logit Model 36
4-2 納入ICT與廠商規模交互影響的實證結果 39
4-2-1 廠商國外外包行為的估計結果 39
4-2-2 網路科技對廠商境外生產(Offshoring)行為的估計結果 42
4-2-3 針對本土廠商之實證結果 45
4-4 廠商縱橫資料之估計結果 50
4-4-1 ICT採用變化對廠商三角貿易行為影響 50
4-5 傾向分數配對模型(Propensity Score Matching, PSM) 53
第五章 結論與建議 59
5-1 結論 59
5-2 研究限制與建議 60
參考文獻 61

中文文獻
顧瑩華(1998),”對外投資與產業結構調整：臺灣電子業的實證研究” 經濟論文叢
刊,26:4,459-486。
劉定焜、陳忠榮、黃盈棠(2009),” 採用電子商務對台灣製造業總要素生產力的影
響” 經濟論文叢刊,37:3,269-300。
英文文獻
Abramovsky, Laura and Griffith, Rachel, (2006), “Outsourcing and Offshoring of Business Services: How Important is ICT?” Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(2-3), 594-601
Antras, Pol and Helpman, Elhanan, (2004), "Global Sourcing," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 112(3), 552-580.
Autor, D.H., Levy, F. and Murnane, R.J., (2003), "The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 118(4), 1279-1333.
Benfratello, L., Razzolini, T. and Sembenelli, A., (2015), “Does ICT Investment Spur or Hamper Offshoring? Empirical Evidence from Microdata.” The Institute for the Study of Labor, No. 9239.
Fort. Teresa C.,(2016), ” Technology and Production Fragmentation: Domestic versus Foreign Sourcing.” National Bureau of Economics Research , No. 22550.
Frey, Carl Benedikt and Osborne, Michael A., (2017), "The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), 254-280.
Grossman, Gene M. and Helpman, Elhanan, (2002), "Integration versus Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 117(1), 85-120.
Kamal, Fariha and Chen, Wenjie, (2016), “The Impact of Information and Communication Technology Adoption on Multinational Firm Boundary Decisions.” US Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies Paper No. CES-WP- 16-01.
Keller, Wolfgang and Yeaple, Stephen R., (2008), "Global Production and Trade in the Knowledge Economy," NBER Working Papers 14626, National Bureau of Economic Research.
McElheran, Kristina, (2015), "Do Market Leaders Lead in Business Process Innovation? The Case(s) of E-business Adoption," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(6), 1197-1216.
Rasel, Fabienne, (2015), “ICT and Global Sourcing - Evidence for German Manufacturing and Service Firms,.” ZEW Discussion Paper ,No. 15-086.
Tomiura, Eiichi, (2005), "Foreign outsourcing and firm-level characteristics: Evidence from Japanese manufacturers," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), 255-271.
Tomiura, Eiichi, (2009), "Foreign versus domestic outsourcing: Firm-level evidence on the role of technology," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), 219-226.
Tsou, Meng-Wen, Liu, Jin-Tan, Hammitt, James K. and Wang, Kuang-Hsien, (2008), "Exporting And Productivity Growth: Evidence From The Taiwan Electronics Plants," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 55(2), 190-209.