臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣的健保整體滿意度是相當高的，醫師程度及醫療設備更具有相當高的水準。在這樣的醫療環境中，台灣健保資料庫就顯得非常珍貴。因此，每年都有相當多的研究論文產出；這些以台灣健保資料庫為主的論文多數是特定組合的比較，例如疾病與疾病或藥物與疾病等。研究者通常需要專業的醫療經驗及大量的文獻閱讀，才會有疾病關聯性的瞭解或知識。然而，顯少一個宏觀的分析來加強分辨整體疾病的關聯性。因此，疾病網路是一個非常好的表示方法，它可以取代大量的文獻閱讀工作，將複雜的問題轉成圖形方式來處理。而我們的動機是建立一個基於台灣健保資料庫的疾病網路，讓醫療人員可以宏觀的去觀察疾病的關聯性，並可以初步的比較疾病間的關係。驗證所有已知及挖掘未知的資訊。

Taiwan's health insurance system is perfect, the doctor level and medical equipment is excellent. In such an environment, National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) stored medical records is a very precious treasure. Whether it is academic or non-academic circles want to dig these original information. Therefore, the NHIRD-based research papers have a considerable amount of output. These papers are usually some specific subject, such as disease to disease or drug to disease. But there is little integrated study to look at the relevance of the disease for them. In recent years, the disease network has been a lot of research. These studies are to transform complex problems into graph. And then use the graph method to solve the problem. And our motivation is to build a disease network based on Taiwan health insurance database network, so that researchers can be macroscopic to observe the relevance of the disease, and can be a preliminary comparison of disease.

摘要------i
Abstract------ii
List of Figures------v
List of Tables------vii
Chapter 1. Introduction------1
Chapter 2. Materials------4
Chapter 3. Methods------6
3-1 Construct Disease Networks------6
3-1-1 Deconstruct the raw data of LHID------6
3-1-2 Decompose rows to individual ICD-9 files------7
3-1-3 Generate disease pairs with time difference------7
3-1-4 Candidate disease pairs with directivity------8
3-1-5 Filter the data by the number of occurrences of the disease dynamically.------9
3-2 LHID and Case-Control Study------10
3-2-1 Data preprocessing------10
3-2-2 Data processing------10
3-2-3 The distribution of basic characteristics in patients ------12
3-2-4 Incidence of two cohorts measured hazards ratio for patients------13
3-2-5 Sex-based and age-based hazard ratios------14
Chapter 4. Results------16
4-1 Integrated Disease Network and LHID------16
4-2 Verification of Our System------16
4-2-1 Combining Disease Network and LHID: Other sleep disorders------16
4-2-2 Combining Disease Network and LHID: Diabetes------20
4-2-3 Combining Disease Network and LHID: Asthma------23
Chapter 5. Discussions------25
References------27

[1]P. Krugman, "Pride, prejudice, insurance," New York Times, 2005.
[2]Y. T. Chang, C. Y. Hwang, Y. J. Chen, M. W. Lin, T. J. Chen, S. Y. Chu, et al., "Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis, Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma in Taiwan: A National Study 2000 to 2007," Acta Dermato Venereologica, vol. 90, pp. 589-594, 2010.
[3]H.-C. Lin, I. J. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, H.-C. Lee, and F.-J. Wu, "Maternal schizophrenia and pregnancy outcome: Does the use of antipsychotics make a difference?," Schizophrenia Research, vol. 116, pp. 55-60, 2010.
[4]T. M. Doherty, Y.-C. Hsin, L.-Z. Zhuang, K.-W. Yeh, C.-W. Chang, J.-T. Horng, et al., "Risk of Tuberculosis in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan," Plos One, vol. 10, p. e0128768, 2015.
[5]"Correction: Effects of Statins on Incident Dementia in Patients with Type 2 DM: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan," PLoS ONE, vol. 9, p. e100019, 2014.
[6]K.-W. Yeh, C.-H. Yu, P.-C. Chan, J.-T. Horng, and J.-L. Huang, "Burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan: a population-based survey," Rheumatology International, vol. 33, pp. 1805-1811, 2013.
[7]M. A. Yıldırım, K.-I. Goh, M. E. Cusick, A.-L. Barabási, and M. Vidal, "Drug—target network," Nature Biotechnology, vol. 25, pp. 1119-1126, 2007.
[8]I. K. Jordan, G. Hu, and P. Agarwal, "Human Disease-Drug Network Based on Genomic Expression Profiles," PLoS ONE, vol. 4, p. e6536, 2009.
[9]"http://nhird.nhri.org.tw/en/."
[10]M. o. H. a. W. National Health Insurance Administration, Taiwan, "Universal Health Coverage in Taiwan," 2016.
[11]A.-L. Barabási, N. Gulbahce, and J. Loscalzo, "Network medicine: a network-based approach to human disease," Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 12, pp. 56-68, 2011.
[12]J. P. D.-S. Lee, K. A. Kay, N. A. Christakis, Z. N. Oltvai and A.-L. Barabási, "The implications of human metabolic network topology for disease comorbidity," vol. 105, 2008.
[13]P.-J. Chang, "Construction of an interactive and visual system: combine disorders with climate changes and prescribing drugs effect into disease network," 2016.
[14]C. J. Mann, "Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies," Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 20, pp. 54-60, 2003.
[15]S. Rose and M. J. van der Laan, "Why Match? Investigating Matched Case-Control Study Designs with Causal Effect Estimation," The International Journal of Biostatistics, vol. 5, 2009.
[16]R. Baughman, A. Teirstein, M. Judson, M. Rossman, H. Yeager, E. Bresnitz, et al., "Clinical Characteristics of Patients in a Case Control Study of Sarcoidosis," American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 164, pp. 1885-1889, 2001.
[17]S. Yusuf, S. Hawken, S. Ôunpuu, L. Bautista, M. G. Franzosi, P. Commerford, et al., "Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study," The Lancet, vol. 366, pp. 1640-1649, 2005.
[18]S. Roizenblatt, H. Moldofsky, A. A. Benedito-Silva, and S. Tufik, "Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia," Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol. 44, pp. 222-230, 2001.
[19]J. M. Monti and D. Monti, "Sleep disturbance in generalized anxiety disorder and its treatment," Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol. 4, pp. 263-276, 2000.
[20]H. P. Lavie P, Hoffstein V, "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension: population study.," vol. 320, pp. 479-482, 2000.
[21]W. H. Organization, "http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs138/en/."
[22]A. Imagawa and T. Hanafusa, "Pathogenesis of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes," The Review of Diabetic Studies, vol. 3, pp. 169-169, 2006.
[23]S. D. Wacholder S, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS., "Selection of controls in case-control studies. I. Principles.," vol. 135, pp. 1019-1028, 1992.
[24]S. D. Wacholder S, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS., "Selection of controls in case-control studies. II. Types of controls.," vol. 135, pp. 1029-1041, 1992.
[25]S. D. Wacholder S, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS., "Selection of controls in case-control studies. III. Design options.," vol. 135, pp. 1042-1050, 1992.
[26]B. M. Y. Cheung and C. Li, "Diabetes and Hypertension: Is There a Common Metabolic Pathway?," Current Atherosclerosis Reports, vol. 14, pp. 160-166, 2012.
[27]H. Z. Hamdan, E. Kubbara, A. M. Adam, O. S. Hassan, S. O. Suliman, and I. Adam, "Urinary tract infections and antimicrobial sensitivity among diabetic patients at Khartoum, Sudan," Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 14, 2015.
[28]D. K. Ledford and R. F. Lockey, "Asthma and comorbidities," Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 13, pp. 78-86, 2013.
[29]W. W. Busse, R. F. Lemanske, and J. E. Gern, "Role of viral respiratory infections in asthma and asthma exacerbations," The Lancet, vol. 376, pp. 826-834, 2010.
[30]J. Corren, "Allergic rhinitis and asthma: How important is the link?," Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 99, pp. S781-S786, 1997.