臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究在探討Bi-2.5 Ag合金中，藉由分別添加1.0 wt. %之In、Sb及Sn元素，與Cu基材之球格狀陣列(Ball Grid Array, BGA)構裝時，預期能與合金中的Bi元素、Ag元素及基材的Cu元素間生成介金屬化合物，以改善銲接強度發散的問題，進而討論三元合金銲料之熔融行為、顯微組織，接合界面組織與機械性質的變化。
熱熔融結果顯示: Bi-2.5 Ag合金在262.2 ℃有吸熱反應，經添加1.0 wt.% In及Sn元素至Bi-2.5 Ag合金中時，分別出現Bi-In低溫相(109.5 ℃)及Bi-Sn低溫相(138.8 ℃)。至於添加1.0 wt.%Sb後，其熔融溫度反而比Bi-2.5Ag合金升高約1.1℃(即熔融在263.3℃)。
Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X (X=In,Sb及Sn)合金與Cu基材經迴銲1~5次後之微結構顯示: Bi-2.5Ag及Bi-2.5Ag-1.0 In合金的銲接點，於接合界面上均未發現介金屬化合物；至於Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 Sn與Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 Sb合金在銲接後，於銲點靠近Cu基材之富Bi相基地處，分別形成帶狀Cu3Sn化合物以及帶狀Cu2Sb化合物。
以推球方式量測銲接點之剪切力，結果顯示: Bi-2.5Ag合金在添加1.0 wt.% 之In, Sb 及 Sn等元素後，銲點剪切力及穩定性均有提升效果，剪切力由高至低分別為Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 In (2.0±0.12mN) > Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 Sn (1.7±0.18mN) > Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 Sb(1.5±0.13mN) > Bi-2.5Ag合金(1.4±0.24mN)。經由5次迴銲後，添加Sb元素及Sn元素對於銲點剪切力的提升幅度較為明顯，相較1次迴銲銲點剪切力分別增加40%及35%。

The motivation of this thesis is to modify the solder joints strength issue when Bi-2.5Ag soldered with Cu pad of ball grid array (BGA) with addition of 1.0 wt.% In, Sb and Sn. Subsequently the melting behavior, microstructure, interface microstructure and mechanical properties of ternary alloys have been discussed.
The thermal analysis shown that, Bi-2.5Ag has a endothermic reaction at 262.2 ℃. After adding of 1.0 wt.% In and Sn, low temperature Bi-In phase (109.5 ℃) and Bi-Sn phase (138.8 ℃) are appeared separately. However after adding of 1.0wt.% Sb, the melting point is increased about 1.1℃ to 263.3℃.
The microstructure of Bi-2.5Ag-1.0X (X=In, Sb, Sn) with Cu pad after multiple reflows shown that, there are no intermetallic compound (IMC) found at Bi-2.5Ag and Bi-2.5Ag-1.0 In joints. For Bi-2.5Ag-1.0Sn and Bi-2.5Ag-1.0 Sb, band-like Cu3Sn and band-like Cu2Sb are found at the interface of the joints.
The solder joints strength had been tested by ball shear test, the result shown that after adding 1.0 wt.% In, Sb and Sn, the shear force and stability had been increased. The order of shear force (from high to low) is Bi-2.5Ag-1.0In (2.0±0.12mN) > Bi-2.5Ag-1.0Sn (1.7±0.18mN) > Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0Sb (1.5±0.13mN) > Bi-2.5Ag (1.4±0.24mN). Comparing the result of 1 time reflow and 5 time reflow, the Sb and Sn addition ternary alloys shown significant enhance, the shear force had been increased 40% and 35% separately.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌謝 IV
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VI
反應式目錄 IX
第一章、 前言 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 研究目的 3
第二章、 基礎理論與文獻回顧 4
2-1 銲錫材料之無鉛化趨勢及發展 4
2-1-1 高溫無鉛銲料特性需求 5
2-1-2 高溫無鉛銲料發展 6
2-1-3 選擇Bi-2.5Ag 合金替代高溫銲料的原因 9
2-2 Bi-Ag合金性能研究 10
2-3 選擇Bi-2.5Ag-1.0 X (X = In, Sb, Sn 這三個元素)的原因 13
2-4 相平衡圖 14
2-4-1 Bi二元相圖 14
2-4-2 其他二元相圖 18
2-4-3 三元相圖 24
第三章、 研究方法與步驟 26
3-1 Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金的配製及成份分析 26
3-2 合金潤濕性分析 27
3-3 高溫無鉛銲料球的製備 28
3-4 微差掃描熱量分析 28
3-5 顯微組織觀察與分析 29
3-6 多次迴銲(Multiple reflows)試驗 30
3-7 銲點界面反應研究 30
3-8 銲點之剪切力研究 31
第四章、 結果 38
4-1 Bi-2.5 Ag與Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金成份確認分析 38
4-2 合金潤濕性分析 38
4-3 合金熔融特性分析 39
4-3-1 Bi-2.5 Ag與Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金DSC熱分析 39
4-4 顯微結構觀察 47
4-4-1 Bi-2.5 Ag合金顯微結構之SEM觀察與EDS分析 47
4-4-2 Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金顯微結構之SEM觀察與EDS分析 47
4-5 球格狀陣列構裝之界面反應研究結果 56
4-6 球格狀陣列構裝之銲點剪切力研究結果 66
4-6-1 Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金銲點之剪切力分析 66
4-6-2 Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金銲點之剪切力標準差分析 67
4-6-3 Bi-2.5 Ag-1.0 X合金銲點之破斷面分析 68
第五章、 討論 84
第六章、 結論與前瞻 98
參考文獻 101

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