臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

情緒表情為人類在交流時的重要資訊之一，因此從以前到現在有許許多多關於情緒的研究，更是有眾多關於情緒影響的研究。而本研究的研究目標為：「台灣人與美國人是否在判斷目標人物情緒上會有不同的眼動表現與過程？」希望也能在眾多關於情緒的跨文化研究中貢獻出一分力量。
本研究複製了Masuda等人在2008年展開一系列關於背景人物影響目標人物情緒判斷的研究，但該研究東方代表為日本人，而日本又與台灣有著些微的差異，本篇研究即在研究台灣人與美國人的差異，希望能夠發現台灣人與美國人的不同。
研究結果為：（1）東方文化背景的參與者較西方文化背景的參與者會放更多注意力在背景人物身上，而西方文化背景的參與者則相反，他們會較東方文化背景的參與者對目標人物有更多的注意。（2）台灣參與者不如預期的會完全關注於背景人物，同樣的，西方文化背景的參與者也並非完全忽略背景人物。（3）由美國的總凝視點數量較多可推測，美國參與者在整體眼動表現呈現出較台灣參與者有更多的注意力及好奇心，可能表示兩國別的認知模式的眼動表現即有差異，也或許是美國人對於目標人物的注意力遠大於台灣人，導致總凝視點數量與台灣人的顯著差異。

The present study aims to test whether there are differences in emotion recognition in Eastern and Western cultures, despite the universal emotions found in humans.
This study modified a series of studies by Masuda et al. in 2008, about how faces in the background affect the judgment regarding the target face. Those studies compared Eastern culture, represented by Japan, with the Western culture, represented by America. In the present study, we used Taiwan as the representative of Eastern culture, and studied the difference between Taiwanese and American cultures.
We found interesting results. (1) Taiwanese pay more attention to the background figures than Americans, while Americans pay more attention to the target. (2) As expected, Taiwanese are not fully concerned with the background; similarly, Americans do not completely neglect the background figures. (3) It can be concluded that Americans pay more attention, which may imply higher curiosity than Taiwanese, towards the processing of emotion recognition, according to the total number of fixations. These results may imply that Americans and Taiwanese are different in the basic processing in terms of their cognitive style. However, it is also reasonable to say that the extreme number of fixations on the target face in American group contributed to the difference between American and Taiwanese in the total number of fixations.

第壹章 緒論、研究動機與目的 1
第一節 緒論 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 1
第貳章 文獻探討 3
第一節 臉孔辨識 3
一、 臉孔辨識的心理歷程 3
二、 情緒辨識與跨文化研究 8
第二節 周圍訊息的影響 —— 絕對判斷或相對判斷任務與背景人物的跨文化研究 11
第參章 研究問題與方法 15
第一節 研究問題與假設 15
第二節 研究方法 16
一、 合作對象及研究對象 16
二、 研究材料 16
三、 研究儀器 19
四、 研究設計 21
五、 實驗流程 22
第肆章 資料處理與分析結果 25
第一節 資料處理 25
第二節 分析結果 26
一、 凝視點數量（DV1至DV3） 26
二、 凝視點百分比及時間百分比（DV4至DV6） 28
三、 凝視點是否有落在背景人物臉部區域平均百分比（DV7） 29
第伍章 綜合討論 31
第一節 結果討論 31
一、 凝視點數量結果討論（DV1至DV3） 31
二、 凝視點百分比及時間百分比結果討論（DV4至DV6） 33
三、 凝視點是否有落在背景人物臉部區域之平均百分比（DV7）之結果討論 34
第二節 研究限制及未來展望 36
第三節 總結 37
參考文獻 39
附錄 47
附錄一、圖片刺激材料 47
附錄二、情緒類別判斷頁面 50
附錄三、情緒強度判斷頁面 51
附錄四、研究之研究倫理申請結果 52
附錄五、實驗參與者知情同意書 53

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